


      SENDMAIL(1)                 (bsd 4.2)                 SENDMAIL(1)



      NAME
           sendmail - send mail over the internet

      SYNTAX
           /usr/lib/sendmail [ flags ] [ address ...  ]

           newaliases

           mailq

      DESCRIPTION
           Sendmail sends a message to one or more people, routing the
           message over whatever networks are necessary.  Sendmail does
           internetwork forwarding as necessary to deliver the message
           to the correct place.

           Sendmail is not intended as a user interface routine.  Other
           programs provide user-friendly front ends, while sendmail is
           used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.

           With no flags, sendmail reads its standard input up to a
           control-D or a line with a single dot and sends a copy of
           the letter found there to all of the addresses listed.  It
           determines the network to use based on the syntax and
           contents of the addresses.

           Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased
           appropriately.  Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the
           address with a backslash.  Normally, the sender is not
           included in any alias expansions (e.g., if `john' sends to
           `group' and `group' includes `john' in the expansion) then
           the letter will not be delivered to `john'.

           Flags are:

           -ba         Go into ARPANET mode.  All input lines must end
                       with a CR-LF, and all messages will be generated
                       with a CR-LF at the end.  Also, the ``From:''
                       and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the name
                       of the sender.

           -bd         Run as a daemon.

           -bi         Initialize the alias database.

           -bm         Deliver mail in the usual way (default).

           -bp         Print a listing of the queue.

           -bs         Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821.
                       This flag implies all the operations of the -ba
                       flag that are compatible with SMTP.



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           -bt         Run in address test mode.  This mode reads
                       addresses and shows the steps in parsing; it is
                       used for debugging configuration tables.

           -bv         Verify names only - do not try to collect or
                       deliver a message.  Verify mode is normally used
                       for validating users or mailing lists.

           -bz         Create the configuration freeze file.

           -Cfile      Use alternate configuration file.

           -dX         Set debugging value to X.

           -Ffullname  Set the full name of the sender.

           -fname      Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the
                       sender of the mail).  -f can only be used by the
                       special users root, daemon, and network, or if
                       the person you are trying to become is the same
                       as the person you are.

           -hN         Set the hop count to N. The hop count is
                       incremented every time the mail is processed.
                       When it reaches a limit, the mail is returned
                       with an error message, the victim of an aliasing
                       loop.

           -n          Don't do aliasing.

           -oxvalue    Set option x to the specified value. Options are
                       described below.

           -q[time]    Process saved messages in the queue at given
                       intervals.  If time is omitted, process the
                       queue once.  Time is given as a tagged number,
                       with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes, `h'
                       being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being
                       weeks.  For example, ``-q1h30m'' or ``-q90m''
                       would both set the timeout to one hour thirty
                       minutes.

           -rname      An alternate and obsolete form of the -f flag.

           -t          Read message for recipients.  To:, Cc:, and Bcc:
                       lines will be scanned for people to send to.
                       The Bcc: line will be deleted before
                       transmission.  Any addresses in the argument
                       list will be suppressed.

           -v          Go into verbose mode.  Alias expansions will be
                       announced, etc.



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           There are also a number of processing options that may be
           set.  Normally these will only be used by a system
           administrator.  Options may be set either on the command
           line using the -o flag or in the configuration file.  These
           are described in detail in the Installation and Operation
           Guide.  The options are:

           Afile       Use alternate alias file.

           c           On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to
                       connect to, don't initiate immediate connection.
                       This requires queueing.

           dx          Set the delivery mode to x. Delivery modes are
                       `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery, `b'
                       for background (asynchronous) delivery, and `q'
                       for queue only (i.e., actual delivery is done
                       the next time the queue is run).

           D           Try to automatically rebuild the alias database,
                       if necessary.

           ex          Set error processing to mode x. Valid modes are
                       `m' to mail back the error message, `w' to
                       ``write'' back the error message (or mail it
                       back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to
                       print the errors on the terminal (default), `q'
                       to throw away error messages (only exit status
                       is returned), and `e' to do special processing
                       for the BerkNet.  If the text of the message is
                       not mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the
                       sender is local to this machine, a copy of the
                       message is appended to the file ``dead.letter''
                       in the sender's home directory.

           Fmode       The mode to use when creating temporary files.

           f           Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of
                       messages.

           gN          The default group id to use when calling
                       mailers.

           Hfile       The SMTP help file.

           i           Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a
                       message terminator.

           Ln          The log level.

           m           Send to ``me'' (the sender) if I am in an alias
                       expansion.



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           o           If set, this message may have old style headers.
                       If not set, this message is guaranteed to have
                       new style headers (i.e., commas instead of
                       spaces between addresses).  If set, an adaptive
                       algorithm is used that will correctly determine
                       the header format in most cases.

           Qqueuedir   Select the directory in which to queue messages.

           rtimeout    The timeout on reads; if none is set, sendmail
                       will wait forever for a mailer.

           Sfile       Save statistics in the named file.

           s           Always instantiate the queue file, even under
                       circumstances where it is not strictly
                       necessary.

           Ttime       Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the
                       specified time.  After sitting in the queue for
                       this amount of time, they will be returned to
                       the sender.  The default is three days.

           tstz,dtz    Set the name of the time zone.

           uN          Set the default user id for mailers.

           If the first character of the user name is a vertical bar,
           the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
           to pipe the mail to.  It may be necessary to quote the name
           of the user to keep sendmail from suppressing the blanks
           from between arguments.

           Sendmail returns an exit status describing what it did.  The
           codes are defined in <sysexits.h>
              EX_OK            Successful completion on all addresses.
              EX_NOUSER        User name not recognized.
              EX_UNAVAILABLE   Catchall, meaning necessary resources
                               were not available.
              EX_SYNTAX        Syntax error in address.
              EX_SOFTWARE      Internal software error, including bad
                               arguments.
              EX_OSERR         Temporary operating system error, such
                               as cannot fork.
              EX_NOHOST        Host name not recognized.
              EX_TEMPFAIL      Message could not be sent immediately,
                               but was queued.

           If invoked as newaliases, sendmail will rebuild the alias
           database.  If invoked as mailq, sendmail will print the
           contents of the mail queue.




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      FILES
           Except for /usr/lib/sendmail.cf, these pathnames are all
           specified in /usr/lib/sendmail.cf. Thus, these values are
           only approximations.

           /usr/lib/aliases              raw data for alias names
           /usr/lib/aliases.pag          data base of alias names
           /usr/lib/aliases.dir          data base of alias names
           /usr/lib/sendmail.cf          configuration file
           /usr/lib/sendmail.fc          frozen configuration
           /usr/lib/sendmail.hf          help file
           /usr/lib/sendmail.st          collected statistics
           /usr/bin/uux                  to deliver uucp mail
           /bin/binmail                  to deliver local mail
           /usr/spool/mqueue/*           temp files

      SEE ALSO
           binmail(1), mail(1), aliases(4), rmail(1), mailaddr(5);
           DARPA Internet Request For Comments RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
           Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide in the Bull-SPS9
           Utility Guide.

      BUGS
           Sendmail converts blanks in addresses to dots.  This is
           incorrect according to the old ARPANET mail protocol RFC733
           (NIC 41952), but is consistent with the new protocols
           (RFC822).

           When used with csh "!" must be backslashed.


























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