


      MS(5)                         (DWB)                         MS(5)



      NAME
           ms - text formatting macros

      SYNTAX
           nroff  -ms  [ options ]  file  ...
           troff  -ms  [ options ]  file  ...

      DESCRIPTION
           This package of nroff and troff macro definitions provides a
           formatting facility for various styles of articles, theses,
           and books.  When producing 2-column output on a terminal or
           lineprinter, or when reverse line motions are needed, filter
           the output through col(1).  All external -ms macros are
           defined below.  Many nroff and troff requests are unsafe in
           conjunction with this package.  However, the first four
           requests below may be used with impunity after
           initialization, and the last two may be used even before
           initialization:
                .bp    begin new page
                .br    break output line
                .sp n  insert n spacing lines
                .ce n  center next n lines
                .ls n  line spacing: n=1 single, n=2 double space
                .na    no alignment of right margin
           Font and point size changes with \f and \s are also allowed;
           for example, ``\fIword\fR'' will italicize word.  Output of
           the tbl, and eqn preprocessors for equations, tables, and
           references is acceptable as input.

      FILES
           /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.s*

      SEE ALSO
           eqn(1), tbl(1), troff(1)

      REQUESTS
      Macro   Initial   Break?   Explanation
      Name    Value     Reset?
9      .AB x   -         y      begin abstract; if x=no don't label abstract
      .AE     -         y      end abstract
      .AI     -         y      author's institution
      .AM     -         n      better accent mark definitions
      .AU     -         y      author's name
      .B x    -         n      embolden x; if no x, switch to boldface
      .B1     -         y      begin text to be enclosed in a box
      .B2     -         y      end boxed text and print it
      .BT     date      n      bottom title, printed at foot of page
      .BX x   -         n      print word x in a box
      .CM     if t      n      cut mark between pages
      .CT     -         y,y    chapter title: page number moved to CF (TM only)
      .DA x   if n      n      force date x at bottom of page; today if no x
      .DE     -         y      end display (unfilled text) of any kind


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      MS(5)                         (DWB)                         MS(5)



      .DS x y I         y      begin display with keep; x=I,L,C,B; y=indent
      .ID y   8n,.5i    y      indented display with no keep; y=indent
      .LD     -         y      left display with no keep
      .CD     -         y      centered display with no keep
      .BD     -         y      block display; center entire block
      .EF x   -         n      even page footer x (3 part as for .tl)
      .EH x   -         n      even page header x (3 part as for .tl)
      .EN     -         y      end displayed equation produced by eqn
      .EQ x y -         y      break out equation; x=L,I,C; y=equation number
      .FE     -         n      end footnote to be placed at bottom of page
      .FP     -         n      numbered footnote paragraph; may be redefined
      .FS x   -         n      start footnote; x is optional footnote label
      .HD     undef     n      optional page header below header margin
      .I x    -         n      italicize x; if no x, switch to italics
      .IP x y -         y,y    indented paragraph, with hanging tag x; y=indent
      .IX x y -         y      index words x y and so on (up to 5 levels)
      .KE     -         n      end keep of any kind
      .KF     -         n      begin floating keep; text fills remainder of page
      .KS     -         y      begin keep; unit kept together on a single page
      .LG     -         n      larger; increase point size by 2
      .LP     -         y,y    left (block) paragraph.
      .MC x   -         y,y    multiple columns; x=column width
      .ND x   if t      n      no date in page footer; x is date on cover
      .NH x y -         y,y    numbered header; x=level, x=0 resets, x=S sets to y
      .NL     10p       n      set point size back to normal
      .OF x   -         n      odd page footer x (3 part as for .tl)
      .OH x   -         n      odd page header x (3 part as for .tl)
      .P1     if TM     n      print header on 1st page
      .PP     -         y,y    paragraph with first line indented
      .PT     - % -     n      page title, printed at head of page
      .PX x   -         y      print index (table of contents); x=no suppresses title
      .QP     -         y,y    quote paragraph (indented and shorter)
      .R      on        n      return to Roman font
      .RE     5n        y,y    retreat: end level of relative indentation
      .RP x   -         n      released paper format; x=no stops title on 1st page
      .RS     5n        y,y    right shift: start level of relative indentation
      .SH     -         y,y    section header, in boldface
      .SM     -         n      smaller; decrease point size by 2
      .TA     8n,5n     n      set tabs to 8n 16n ... (nroff) 5n 10n ... (troff)
      .TC x   -         y      print table of contents at end; x=no suppresses title
      .TE     -         y      end of table processed by tbl
      .TH     -         y      end multi-page header of table
      .TL     -         y      title in boldface and two points larger
      .TM     off       n      UC Berkeley thesis mode
      .TS x   -         y,y    begin table; if x=H table has multi-page header
      .UL x   -         n      underline x, even in troff
      .UX x   -         n      UNIX; trademark message first time; x appended
      .XA x y -         y      another index entry; x=page or no for none; y=indent
      .XE     -         y      end index entry (or series of .IX entries)
      .XP     -         y,y    paragraph with first line exdented, others indented
      .XS x y -         y      begin index entry; x=page or no for none; y=indent
      .1C     on        y,y    one column format, on a new page



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      MS(5)                         (DWB)                         MS(5)



      .2C     -         y,y    begin two column format
      .[0     -         n      end of unclassifiable type of reference
      .[N     -         n      N= 1:journal-article, 2:book, 3:book-article, 4:report

      REGISTERS
           Formatting distances can be controlled in -ms by means of
           built-in number registers.  For example, this sets the line
           length to 6.5 inches:
9                .nr  LL  6.5i
9           Here is a table of number registers and their default
           values:
9                Name Register Controls  Takes Effect Default
9                PS   point size         paragraph    10
                VS   vertical spacing   paragraph    12
                LL   line length        paragraph    6i
                LT   title length       next page    same as LL
                FL   footnote length    next .FS     5.5i
                PD   paragraph distance paragraph    1v (if n), .3v (if t)
                DD   display distance   displays     1v (if n), .5v (if t)
                PI   paragraph indent   paragraph    5n
                QI   quote indent       next .QP     5n
                FI   footnote indent    next .FS     2n
                PO   page offset        next page    0 (if n), 9~81i (if t)
                HM   header margin      next page    1i
                FM   footer margin      next page    1i
                FF   footnote format    next .FS     0 (1, 2, 3 available)
9           When resetting these values, make sure to specify the
           appropriate units.  Setting the line length to 7, for
           example, will result in output with one character per line.
           Setting FF to 1 suppresses footnote superscripting; setting
           it to 2 also suppresses indentation of the first line; and
           setting it to 3 produces an .IP-like footnote paragraph.

           Here is a list of string registers available in -ms; they
           may be used anywhere in the text:
9                Name  String's Function
9                \*Q   quote (" in nroff, `` in troff )
                \*U   unquote (" in nroff, '' in troff )
                \*-   dash (-- in nroff, - in troff )
                \*(MO month (month of the year)
                \*(DY day (current date)
                \**   automatically numbered footnote
                \*'   acute accent (before letter)
                \*`   grave accent (before letter)
                \*9^8   circumflex (before letter)
                \*,   cedilla (before letter)
                \*:   umlaut (before letter)
                \*9~8   tilde (before letter)
9


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      MS(5)                         (DWB)                         MS(5)



           When using the extended accent mark definitions available
           with .AM, these strings should come after, rather than
           before, the letter to be accented.

      BUGS
           Floating keeps and regular keeps are diverted to the same
           space, so they cannot be mixed together with predictable
           results.















































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