


      LAST(1)                     (bsd 4.2)                     LAST(1)



      NAME
           last - indicate last logins of users and teletypes

      SYNTAX
           last [ -N ] [ name ...  ] [ tty ...  ]

      DESCRIPTION
           Last will look back in the wtmp file which records all
           logins, logouts, and ftp sessions for information about a
           user, a teletype or any group of users and teletypes.
           Arguments specify names of users or teletypes of interest.
           Names of teletypes may be given fully or abbreviated.  For
           example `last 0' is the same as `last tty0'.  If multiple
           arguments are given, the information which applies to any of
           the arguments is printed.  For example `last root console'
           would list all of "root's" sessions as well as all sessions
           on the console terminal.  Last will print the sessions of
           the specified users and teletypes, most recent first,
           indicating the times at which the session began, the
           duration of the session, and the teletype which the session
           took place on.  If the session is still continuing or was
           cut short by a reboot, last so indicates.

           The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system,
           thus

                last reboot

           will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

           Last with no arguments prints a record of all logins and
           logouts, in reverse order.  The -N option limits the report
           to N lines.

           If last is interrupted, it indicates how far the search has
           progressed in wtmp. If interrupted with a quit signal
           (generated by a control-\) last indicates how far the search
           has progressed so far, and the search continues.

           Note that the system as shipped does not have an /etc/wtmp
           file, nor will one be created automatically.  The system
           administrator must create a zero length file before logins
           will be recorded.  The /etc/wtmp file will then continue to
           grow, so the system administrator should monitor its size
           and see that it does not consume an excessive amount of disk
           space.

      FILES
           /etc/wtmp login data base

      SEE ALSO
           ftpd(1), utmp(4)



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