


      DD(1)                       (UNIX 5.0)                      DD(1)



      NAME
           dd - convert and copy a file

      SYNTAX
           dd [option=value] ...

      DESCRIPTION
           Dd copies the specified input file to the specified output
           with possible conversions.  The standard input and output
           are used by default.  The input and output block size may be
           specified to take advantage of raw physical I/O.

           option          values
           if=file         input file name; standard input is default
           of=file         output file name; standard output is default
           ibs=n           input block size n bytes (default 4096)
           obs=n           output block size (default 4096)
           bs=n            set both input and output block size,
                           superseding ibs and obs; also, if no
                           conversion is specified, it is particularly
                           efficient since no in-core copy need be done
           cbs=n           conversion buffer size
           skip=n          skip n input records before starting copy
           seek=n          seek n records from beginning of output file
                           before copying
           count=n         copy only n input records
           conv=ascii      convert EBCDIC to ASCII
                ebcdic     convert ASCII to EBCDIC
                ibm        slightly different map of ASCII to EBCDIC
                lcase      map alphabetics to lower case
                ucase      map alphabetics to upper case
                swab       swap every pair of bytes
                noerror    do not stop processing on an error
                sync       pad every input record to ibs
                ... , ...  several comma-separated conversions

           Where sizes are specified, a number of bytes is expected.  A
           number may end with k, b, or w to specify multiplication by
           1024, 512, or 2 respectively; a pair of numbers may be
           separated by x to indicate a product.

           Cbs is used only if ascii or ebcdic conversion is specified.
           In the former case cbs characters are placed into the
           conversion buffer, converted to ASCII, and trailing blanks
           trimmed and new-line added before sending the line to the
           output.  In the latter case ASCII characters are read into
           the conversion buffer, converted to EBCDIC, and blanks added
           to make up an output record of size cbs.

           After completion, dd reports the number of whole and partial
           input and output blocks.




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      DD(1)                       (UNIX 5.0)                      DD(1)



      SEE ALSO
           cp(1).

      DIAGNOSTICS
           f+p records in(out) numbers of full and partial records
           read(written)

      BUGS
           The ASCII/EBCDIC conversion tables are taken from the 256
           character standard in the CACM Nov, 1968.  The ibm
           conversion, while less blessed as a standard, corresponds
           better to certain IBM print train conventions.  There is no
           universal solution.

           New-lines are inserted only on conversion to ASCII; padding
           is done only on conversion to EBCDIC.  These should be
           separate options.






































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