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# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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"""Implementation of non-blocking server.

The main idea of the server is reciving and sending requests
only from main thread.

It also makes thread pool server in tasks terms, not connections.
"""
import threading
import socket
import Queue
import select
import struct
import logging

from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol import TBinaryProtocolFactory

__all__ = ['TNonblockingServer']

class Worker(threading.Thread):
    """Worker is a small helper to process incoming connection."""
    def __init__(self, queue):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.queue = queue

    def run(self):
        """Process queries from task queue, stop if processor is None."""
        while True:
            try:
                processor, iprot, oprot, otrans, callback = self.queue.get()
                if processor is None:
                    break
                processor.process(iprot, oprot)
                callback(True, otrans.getvalue())
            except Exception:
                logging.exception("Exception while processing request")
                callback(False, '')

WAIT_LEN = 0
WAIT_MESSAGE = 1
WAIT_PROCESS = 2
SEND_ANSWER = 3
CLOSED = 4

def locked(func):
    "Decorator which locks self.lock."
    def nested(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.lock.acquire()
        try:
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        finally:
            self.lock.release()
    return nested

def socket_exception(func):
    "Decorator close object on socket.error."
    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        except socket.error:
            self.close()
    return read

class Connection:
    """Basic class is represented connection.
    
    It can be in state:
        WAIT_LEN --- connection is reading request len.
        WAIT_MESSAGE --- connection is reading request.
        WAIT_PROCESS --- connection has just read whole request and 
            waits for call ready routine.
        SEND_ANSWER --- connection is sending answer string (including length
            of answer).
        CLOSED --- socket was closed and connection should be deleted.
    """
    def __init__(self, new_socket, wake_up):
        self.socket = new_socket
        self.socket.setblocking(False)
        self.status = WAIT_LEN
        self.len = 0
        self.message = ''
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.wake_up = wake_up

    def _read_len(self):
        """Reads length of request.
        
        It's really paranoic routine and it may be replaced by 
        self.socket.recv(4)."""
        read = self.socket.recv(4 - len(self.message))
        if len(read) == 0:
            # if we read 0 bytes and self.message is empty, it means client close 
            # connection
            if len(self.message) != 0:
                logging.error("can't read frame size from socket")
            self.close()
            return
        self.message += read
        if len(self.message) == 4:
            self.len, = struct.unpack('!i', self.message)
            if self.len < 0:
                logging.error("negative frame size, it seems client"\
                    " doesn't use FramedTransport")
                self.close()
            elif self.len == 0:
                logging.error("empty frame, it's really strange")
                self.close()
            else:
                self.message = ''
                self.status = WAIT_MESSAGE

    @socket_exception
    def read(self):
        """Reads data from stream and switch state."""
        assert self.status in (WAIT_LEN, WAIT_MESSAGE)
        if self.status == WAIT_LEN:
            self._read_len()
            # go back to the main loop here for simplicity instead of
            # falling through, even though there is a good chance that
            # the message is already available
        elif self.status == WAIT_MESSAGE:
            read = self.socket.recv(self.len - len(self.message))
            if len(read) == 0:
                logging.error("can't read frame from socket (get %d of %d bytes)" %
                    (len(self.message), self.len))
                self.close()
                return
            self.message += read
            if len(self.message) == self.len:
                self.status = WAIT_PROCESS

    @socket_exception
    def write(self):
        """Writes data from socket and switch state."""
        assert self.status == SEND_ANSWER
        sent = self.socket.send(self.message)
        if sent == len(self.message):
            self.status = WAIT_LEN
            self.message = ''
            self.len = 0
        else:
            self.message = self.message[sent:]

    @locked
    def ready(self, all_ok, message):
        """Callback function for switching state and waking up main thread.
        
        This function is the only function witch can be called asynchronous.
        
        The ready can switch Connection to three states:
            WAIT_LEN if request was oneway.
            SEND_ANSWER if request was processed in normal way.
            CLOSED if request throws unexpected exception.
        
        The one wakes up main thread.
        """
        assert self.status == WAIT_PROCESS
        if not all_ok:
            self.close()
            self.wake_up()
            return
        self.len = ''
        if len(message) == 0:
            # it was a oneway request, do not write answer
            self.message = ''
            self.status = WAIT_LEN
        else:
            self.message = struct.pack('!i', len(message)) + message
            self.status = SEND_ANSWER
        self.wake_up()

    @locked
    def is_writeable(self):
        "Returns True if connection should be added to write list of select."
        return self.status == SEND_ANSWER

    # it's not necessary, but...
    @locked
    def is_readable(self):
        "Returns True if connection should be added to read list of select."
        return self.status in (WAIT_LEN, WAIT_MESSAGE)

    @locked
    def is_closed(self):
        "Returns True if connection is closed."
        return self.status == CLOSED

    def fileno(self):
        "Returns the file descriptor of the associated socket."
        return self.socket.fileno()

    def close(self):
        "Closes connection"
        self.status = CLOSED
        self.socket.close()

class TNonblockingServer:
    """Non-blocking server."""
    def __init__(self, processor, lsocket, inputProtocolFactory=None, 
            outputProtocolFactory=None, threads=10):
        self.processor = processor
        self.socket = lsocket
        self.in_protocol = inputProtocolFactory or TBinaryProtocolFactory()
        self.out_protocol = outputProtocolFactory or self.in_protocol
        self.threads = int(threads)
        self.clients = {}
        self.tasks = Queue.Queue()
        self._read, self._write = socket.socketpair()
        self.prepared = False

    def setNumThreads(self, num):
        """Set the number of worker threads that should be created."""
        # implement ThreadPool interface
        assert not self.prepared, "You can't change number of threads for working server"
        self.threads = num

    def prepare(self):
        """Prepares server for serve requests."""
        self.socket.listen()
        for _ in xrange(self.threads):
            thread = Worker(self.tasks)
            thread.setDaemon(True)
            thread.start()
        self.prepared = True

    def wake_up(self):
        """Wake up main thread.
        
        The server usualy waits in select call in we should terminate one.
        The simplest way is using socketpair.
        
        Select always wait to read from the first socket of socketpair.
        
        In this case, we can just write anything to the second socket from
        socketpair."""
        self._write.send('1')

    def _select(self):
        """Does select on open connections."""
        readable = [self.socket.handle.fileno(), self._read.fileno()]
        writable = []
        for i, connection in self.clients.items():
            if connection.is_readable():
                readable.append(connection.fileno())
            if connection.is_writeable():
                writable.append(connection.fileno())
            if connection.is_closed():
                del self.clients[i]
        return select.select(readable, writable, readable)
        
    def handle(self):
        """Handle requests.
       
        WARNING! You must call prepare BEFORE calling handle.
        """
        assert self.prepared, "You have to call prepare before handle"
        rset, wset, xset = self._select()
        for readable in rset:
            if readable == self._read.fileno():
                # don't care i just need to clean readable flag
                self._read.recv(1024) 
            elif readable == self.socket.handle.fileno():
                client = self.socket.accept().handle
                self.clients[client.fileno()] = Connection(client, self.wake_up)
            else:
                connection = self.clients[readable]
                connection.read()
                if connection.status == WAIT_PROCESS:
                    itransport = TTransport.TMemoryBuffer(connection.message)
                    otransport = TTransport.TMemoryBuffer()
                    iprot = self.in_protocol.getProtocol(itransport)
                    oprot = self.out_protocol.getProtocol(otransport)
                    self.tasks.put([self.processor, iprot, oprot, 
                                    otransport, connection.ready])
        for writeable in wset:
            self.clients[writeable].write()
        for oob in xset:
            self.clients[oob].close()
            del self.clients[oob]

    def close(self):
        """Closes the server."""
        for _ in xrange(self.threads):
            self.tasks.put([None, None, None, None, None])
        self.socket.close()
        self.prepared = False
        
    def serve(self):
        """Serve forever."""
        self.prepare()
        while True:
            self.handle()
