MENU, COMMAND, DIALOG BOX, AND CONTEXT-SENSITIVE HELP
FOR THE MS-DOS 5.0 SHELL

!I!@
MS-DOS Shell Help Index

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic, and then press ENTER.

   " Beta Notes "~KES~

KEYBOARD HELP
-------------
   " General MS-DOS Shell Keys "~K101~
   " Movement Keys "~K102~
   " Help Keys "~K109~
   " Active Task List Keys "~K103~
   " Program List Keys "~K104~
   " File List Keys "~K105~
   " File Selection Keys "~K106~
   " Directory Tree Keys "~K107~
   " Drive Selection Keys "~K108~

COMMANDS HELP
-------------
File List Menus
   " File Menu "~I205~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I203~
   " Tree Menu "~I204~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

Program List Menus
   " File Menu "~I201~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I209~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

View Screen Menus
   " Display Menu "~I207~
   " View Menu "~I208~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

PROCEDURES HELP
---------------
   " Basic Procedures "~R100~
   " File List Procedures "~R101~
   " Program List Procedures "~R102~
   " Running Programs "~R103~
   " Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures "~R104~

MS-DOS SHELL BASICS HELP
------------------------
   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~S100~
   " Menus and Commands "~S103~
   " Dialog Boxes "~S105~
   " File List and Program List "~S114~
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~S125~

USING HELP
----------
   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~
   " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~
   " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~
--@@

!R!@
Procedures

Each of the following topics contains a list of procedures.

To see a list of procedures:

 - Press TAB to select the topic and then press ENTER.

Or

 - Double-click the topic.

   " Basic Procedures "~R100~
   " File List Procedures "~R101~
   " Program List Procedures "~R102~
   " Running Programs "~R103~
   " Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures "~R104~
--@@

-----------------------PROGRAM LIST-----------------------
	    Commands and Context-Sensitive Topics
!PMHD! !1MHD!@
File Menu

You can use commands on the File menu to add, open, copy, delete, and change the properties of program items and groups. You can also add files to groups and change the order in which program items and groups are listed. In addition, you can quit MS-DOS Shell, or run a program.
--@@

!PMAA! !1MAA!@
New Command

Adds a new group or program item to the currently selected group.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
--@@

!1DSS!@
New Program Object Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can choose whether you want to create a new program item or a new group. Select either Program Item or Program Group, and choose the OK button.

A program item contains start-up instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

A program group is a collection of program items in the program list.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
--@@

!PDSR! !PDSS!@
New Program Item or New Program Group

Select either Program Item or Program Group, and choose the OK button.

A program item contains start-up instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

A program group is a collection of program items in the program list.
--@@

!PD3Y! !1D3Q!@
Add Program Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can type information about the program item you are adding. You must type a name for the program item and a command that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PD3Q! !PD:Q!@
Program Title Box

Type a name for your program item in the Program Title box. It can contain up to 23 characters (including blank spaces). 
--@@

!PD3R! !1D3R! !PD:R!@
Commands Box

Type the command that starts the program, including any parameters. It can contain up to 256 characters (including blank spaces).

Replaceable Parameters
----------------------
One kind of parameters you can specify is a replaceable parameter that tells MS-DOS Shell to display a dialog box when the program starts.

For example, if you want MS-DOS Shell to prompt you for a filename to open when you start Microsoft Word, you can use the following startup command:
word %1

NOTE: The replaceable parameter must be between 1 and 9. Zero and 10 will not work. For each numeral you set, MS-DOS Shell will display a dialog box.

Using More Than One Command
---------------------------
You can type as many commands in the Commands box as you like. To use more than one command, separate each command with a semicolon (;). There must be a space on each side of the semicolon.

Related Topic
   " Defining the Prompt Dialog Box "~PD7W~
--@@

DB displays when choose program item
!PDCW!@
File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, type the name of the file you want the program to open. When you choose the OK button, the program will start and open the file.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PD7W!@
Defining the Prompt Dialog Box

You can define the dialog box that MS-DOS Shell displays when you choose the program item. You can specify the title of the dialog box, explanatory information, the prompt message, and parameters that allow you to open files without using a dialog box.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PD7Q!@
Window Title Box

Type or edit the title of the dialog box that you are defining.
--@@

!PD7R!@
Program Information Box

If you like, you can type or edit text that will appear at the top of the dialog box.
--@@

!PD7S!@
Prompt Message Box

If you like, you can type or edit a prompt for the text box. For example, the message, "File to Edit?" prompts you to type a filename in the text box.
--@@

!PD7T!@
Default Parameters Box

You can specify a default parameter, such as a filename, that will appear in the Prompt dialog box whenever you choose the program item.

There are two parameters you can use to open files directly.
MS-DOS Shell will suggest the file specified by the following parameters.

To suggest                  Type this parameter
----------                  -------------------
The file selected
when you start the
program                           %f

The file that was
opened the last
time the program
was used                          %l
--@@

!PD3S! !PD:S! !1D3S!@
Startup Directory Box

You can type the path to the directory that contains the data files the program uses.

This directory will become the current directory when you choose the program item.
--@@

!PD3T! !1D3T! !PD:T!@
Application Shortcut Key Box

You can add or change a shortcut key combination for the program. When you choose the Enable Task Swapper command, you can use the shortcut key combination to move to the program if it is running. The shortcut key does not start the program.

To create the shortcut key combination, press either SHIFT, CTRL, or ALT, and a letter. After you create it, it will appear next to the program name in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following combinations:

CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Procedure
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
--@@

!PD3U! !1D3U! !PD:U!@
Pause After Exit Check Box

If you select this check box, when you quit the program MS-DOS prompts you to press any key to return to MS-DOS Shell. If you don't select it, you return immediately to MS-DOS Shell when you quit the program.

Pausing is useful if you want to read text that your program displays after it finishes running, before you return to MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PD3V! !1D3V! !PD:V!@
Password Box

You can type a password up to 20 characters (including blank spaces). If you don't want to use a password, leave the Password box empty.

A password protects a program item by limiting access to those who know the password. After you change a password, write it down and keep it in a safe place. A dialog box will prompt you for the password every time you use this program item.
--@@

!PD3Z! !PD:Z!@
Advanced Button

Displays another dialog box where you can specify additional properties.
--@@

!PD8]!@
Advanced Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can add Help text and specify memory, video mode, reserved shortcut keys, and program switching.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PD3Q! !PD8Q! !PD0U!@
Help Text Box

You can type up to 256 characters (including blank spaces) of Help information for the program item. If you don't want to use Help text, leave the Help Text box empty.

Line Breaks
-----------
In the Help Text box, pressing ENTER doesn't indicate a line break.

To indicate a line break:

 - Type: ^m

Viewing the Help Text
---------------------
You can read this Help text by selecting the program item or group and pressing F1.
--@@

!PD8R!@
Conventional Memory KB Required Box

You can specify in kilobytes the minimum amount of memory required to run this program when using task swapping. The default value is 128.

If less memory is available when you start a program, MS-DOS Shell will display a message.
--@@

!PD8S!@
XMS Memory KB Required Box

You can specify in kilobytes the minimum amount of extended memory required to run this program when using task swapping. The default value is zero.

If less memory is available when you start a program, MS-DOS Shell will display a message.
--@@

!PD8T!@
XMS Memory KB Limit Box

You can specify in kilobytes the maximum amount of extended memory that can be used by the program. This option controls the amount of memory that can be swapped by the program. The default value is 384 on systems that have at least this much memory. Otherwise, the default value is the total amount of extended memory.
--@@

!PD8U! !PD8V!@
Video Mode Option

This option reserves memory for screen display information during task swapping. Usually the memory reserved by Text mode is enough, but you may need more memory if you are running a CGA adapter.

Select this option  If
------------------  --
Text                The program runs in text mode. Consider
                    using text mode if the program doesn't
                    need to display graphics. It will speed
                    disk swapping. Text mode is the default
                    option.

Graphics            The program runs in graphics mode. This
                    option is needed only if you are running
                    a CGA video adapter.
--@@

!PD8W!@
Prevent Program Switch Check Box

Turns off task swapping when the program is running. When this check box is selected, you must quit the program to return to MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PD8X! !PD8Y! !PD8Z! !PD8X! !PD8Y! !PD8Z!@
Reserve Shortcut Keys Check Boxes

Turns off the specified shortcut keys in MS-DOS Shell so that the program can use those keys.

Selecting   
this        Turns off the shortcut to
---------   -------------------------
ALT+TAB     Toggling between two programs.
ALT+ESC     Displaying the next program.
CTRL+ESC    Returning to MS-DOS Shell from a program.
--@@

!PDBZ! !1DBV!@
Add Group Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you specify information about the new group you are creating. You must type a name for the group. You can also type Help information for the group, and a password to limit access to the group.

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PDBT! !PD0T!@
Title Box

Type a name for the new group. A title is required. It can contain up to 23 characters (including blank spaces).
--@@

!PDBW! !PD0W!@
Password Box

You can type a password for the group in the Password box. It can contain up to 20 characters (including blank spaces). If you don't want to include a password, leave the Password Box empty.

A password protects a group by limiting access to those who know the password. After you change a password, write it down and keep it in a safe place. A dialog box will prompt you for the password every time you use this group.
--@@

!PD1Q! !PD1T! !1D!@
Password Dialog Box

You must type the password before you can use this program item or group.
--@@

!PMAB! !1MAB!@
Open Command

Starts a program and an associated file (if there is one) or displays the contents of a group.

Related Procedures
   " Opening Files "~I131~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
--@@

!PMAC! !1MAC!@
Copy Command

Copies a program item to the group you specify. After you choose the Copy command, open the group you want to copy the program item to, and then press F2.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~
--@@

!HC!@
Copy Program Items and Groups

You are in the middle of copying a program item or group to a group.

To continue:

 - Double-click the destination group.

Or

1. Move the selection cursor to the destination group and
   press ENTER.
2. Press F2.


To cancel the command:

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~
--@@

!PMAD! !1MAD!@
Delete Command

Deletes the selected group or program item from a group. Before deleting a group, you must delete all of its program items.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~
--@@

!PDHS! !1DHQ!@
Delete Item Dialog Box

If you want to delete the selected group or item, choose 1.

If you do not want to delete the selected program item or group, choose 2 (or press ESC) to cancel the deletion and return to the program list.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~
--@@

!PMAE! !1MAE!@
Properties Command

For a program item, this command specifies the title, the command that starts the program, the startup directory for the program to use, an application shortcut key, Help text, a password, and other properties.

For a group, it specifies the title, Help text, and password assigned to that group.

Related Procedures
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups"~I100~
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~
--@@

!PD:Y!@
Program Item Properties Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can specify information about the selected program item. You can change any or all of the information displayed in this dialog box. You must include a name for the program item and a command, including any parameters, that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PD0Z! !1DBR!@
Program Group Properties Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can change the information about the selected group. You can change any or all of the information displayed in this dialog box. You must include a title for the group.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PMAF! !1MAF!@
Reorder Command

Moves the selected program item or group from its current location to the location you specify. After choosing this command, use the arrow keys to move to the new location and then press ENTER. You can also use the mouse to double-click the new location.

Related Procedure
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~
--@@

!HR!@
Reorder Program Items and Program Groups

You are in the middle of moving the selected program item or group to a new location in the program list. To continue:

 - Double-click the new location.
Or
 - Move the selection cursor to the new location and then press ENTER.

   MS-DOS Shell inserts the program item or group at the new
   location.

To cancel the command:

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~
--@@

!PMHG! !1MHG! !1MHL! !VMHO! !2MHL! !YMHL!@
Help Menu

You can use the commands on the Help menu to display an index of Help topics, information on the keys you can use with MS-DOS Shell, basic skills for working with MS-DOS Shell, commands, and procedures.
--@@

!PMBI! !1MBI!!1MEG! !VMFC! !2MEG! !YMEG!@
Index Command

Opens the Help window and displays the MS-DOS Shell Help Index.

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.
Or
 - Press TAB to select the topic and then press ENTER.
--@@

!PMBJ! !1MBJ! !1MEH! !VMFD! !2MEH! !YMEH!@
Keyboard Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of shortcut keys you can use with MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PMBK! !1MBK! !1MEI! !VMFE! !2MEI! !YMEI!@
Shell Basics Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of topics for basic skills you need to work with MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PMBL! !1MBL! !1MEJ! !VMFF! !2MEJ! !YMEJ!@
Commands Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of all MS-DOS Shell commands, grouped by menu.
--@@

!PMBM! !1MBM! !1MEK! !VMFG! !2MEK! !YMEK!@
Procedures Command

Opens the Help window and displays a list of topics you can see for help on all MS-DOS Shell tasks.
--@@

!PMBN! !1MBN! !1MEL! !VMFH! !2MEL! !YMEL!@
Using Help Command

Opens the Help windows and displays a list of topics which explain how to use MS-DOS Shell Help.
--@@

!PMBP! !1MBP! !1MEN! !VMFJ! !2MEN! !YMEN!@
About Shell

Displays copyright and version information about MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

HELP SCREEN
!PDZQ! !1DZQ! !2DZQ! !YDZQ! !SDVR! !VDZQ!@
Close Button

Closes the Help window.
--@@

!PDZR! !1DZR! !2DZR! !YDZR! !SDVR! !VDZR!@
Back Button

Displays the previous Help topic.
--@@

!PDZS! !1DZS! !2DZS! !YDZS! !SDVR! !VDZS!@
Keys Button

Displays a list of topics that show the keys and key combinations you can use with MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PDZT! !1DZT! !2DZT! !YDZT! !SDVR! !VDZT!@
Index Button

Displays an index of Help topics.

Related Procedures
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
   " Using MS-DOS Shell Help "~I153~
--@@

!PDZU! !1DZU! !2DZU! !YDZU! !SDVR! !VDZU!@
Help Button

Displays Help on MS-DOS Shell Help.
--@@

-----------------FILE LIST-------------------------
      Commands and Context-Sensitive Topics
!1MHH! !2MHH! !YMHH!@
File Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to carry out actions on files and directories, or to quit MS-DOS Shell. To carry out an action on one or more files or a directory, select the files or the directory before you choose the command. 
--@@

!1MCA! !2MCA! !YMCA!@
Open Command

Starts a selected program and an associated file, if there is one.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Opening Files "~I131~
--@@

!1MCB! !2MCB! !YMCB! !PMAH! !1MAH!@
Run Command

Displays a dialog box in which you type the name of the program file that starts the program.

Related Procedure
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
--@@

!1DAQ! !2DAQ! !YDAQ! !PDAQ!@
Run Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can start a program by typing the name of its program file and then choosing the OK button. If the file is not in the current directory, you must precede the filename with its complete path. You can use the MS-DOS directory wildcards (.. and .) to specify paths.

Type any parameters for the program after the program filename. For example, to open a file in Microsoft Word, you would type WORD followed by the name of your file.

Related Procedure
   " Starting Programs "~I147~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Also see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference for more information on MS-DOS commands and wildcards.
--@@

!1MCC! !2MCC! !YMCC!@
Print Command

Prints the selected text file or files. The Print command only works if you've installed the print spooler by using the print command at the command prompt.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Printing Files "~I134~

Also see the "Print" command topic in Part 4, "MS-DOS Reference," of the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!1MCD! !2MCD! !YMCD!@
Associate Command

Associates all files having the same extension to a program. Instead of your starting the program and then opening the file, MS-DOS Shell does this automatically. When you choose a file with the specified extension, the program starts with the file loaded.

You can also use the Associate command to associate a program with a selected file.

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
--@@

!1DDU! !2DDU! !YDDU!@
Associate File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the extensions of the files you want to associate with the selected program file. For example, DOC is the extension for the MEMO.DOC filename.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1DDR! !2DDR! !YDDR!@
Extension Box

Type the extensions of the files you want to associate. For example, DOC is the extension for the MEMO.DOC file.
--@@

!1D5T! !2D5T! !YD5T!@
Associate File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the program filename of the program you want to associate with files that have the extensions you've specified. Each time you open a file with that extension, the program automatically starts with the file loaded.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1D5Q! !2D5Q! !YD5Q!@
Program Box

Type the filename and path of the program you want to associate with the selected file or files.
    For example, type:
        c:\winword\winword.exe
--@@

!1MCE! !2MCE! !YMCE!@
Search Command

Finds files on all or part of the current disk drive, depending on what you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~
--@@

!1DOV! !2DOV! !YDOV!@
Search File Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the name of the file you want to find. You can use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to find a group of files with similar names or extensions.

Select the Search Entire Disk check box to search the entire drive rather than just the selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1DOQ! !2DOQ! !YDOQ!@
Search For Box

Type the name of the file you want to find. You can use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to find a group of files with similar names or extensions. For example, to find all files with a .TXT extension, specify *.TXT.
--@@

!1DOS! !2DOS! !YDOS!@
Search Entire Disk Check Box

If you want to search an entire disk for a file or files, select this check box.

If you want to search only the currently displayed directory, clear this check box.
--@@

!SN!@
Search List Window

Displays a file or files found using the Search command. You can run, print, associate, move, copy, delete, or rename any file in the list. You can also select a file or files and change attributes. You can view the contents of a selected file or files.

Related Procedure
   " Searching for Files "~I139~
--@@

!1MCF! !2MCF! !YMCF!@
View File Contents Command

Displays the contents of the selected text file or binary file.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~
--@@

!VN!@
View File Window

Displays the contents of the selected text file or binary file.

To scroll through the file by using the mouse:

 - At the top of the window, click the words "PgUp" or
   "PgDn," or click the arrows.

To scroll through a file by using the keyboard:

 - Press the PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN, UP ARROW, or DOWN ARROW
   keys.

You can switch the screen display between ASCII and hexidecimal formats by using commands on the Display menu, or by pressing F9.

To return to the file list:
 - From the View menu, choose Restore View.

Or

 - Press ESC.

Related Procedure
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~
--@@

(*View File Screen*)
!VMHM!@
Display Menu

You can use commands on this menu to switch between a hexidecimal or ASCII file display.
--@@

!VMEO!@
ASCII Command

Switches the file display from hexidecimal to ASCII.
--@@

!VMEP!@
Hex Command

Switches the file display from ASCII to hexidecimal.
--@@

(*View File Screen*)
!VMHN!@
View Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to do the following:
  * Redraw the screen.
  * Return to the file list. You can also press ESC to
    return to the file list.
--@@

!VMFB!@
Restore View Command

Returns to the file list.
--@@

!1MCH! !2MCH! !YMCH!@
Move Command

Moves the selected file or files from one directory to a directory you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Moving Files "~I129~
--@@

!1DFV! !2DFV! !YDFV!@
Move Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you type the drive and directory you want to move the selected file to.

If you're moving only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Moving Files "~I129~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1DFR! !2DFR! !YDFR!@
To Box

Type the drive and destination directory you want to move the selected file to.

If you're moving only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.
--@@

Move's
!1DFQ! !2DFQ! !YDFQ!@
From Box

Lists the name(s) of the file or files you want to move. If there are several filenames, you can scroll through them by using the arrow keys.

If you do not want to move these files, press ESC to cancel the command.
--@@

!1MCI! !2MCI! !YMCI!@
Copy Command

Copies one or more files in one directory to a directory you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~
--@@

!1D9V! !2D9V! !YD9V!@
Copy Dialog Box

Type the drive and destination directory you want to copy the selected file(s) to.

If you're copying only one file, you can also specify a new name for the file after the path.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1D9Q! !2D9Q! !YD9Q!@
From Box

Lists the name(s) of the file or files you want to copy. If there are several filenames, you can scroll through them by using the arrow keys.

If you do not want to copy these files, press ESC to cancel the command.
--@@

!1D9R! !2D9R! !YD9R!@
To Box

Type the drive and path of the new location for the file or files you want to copy.

To copy a file within a directory, you must give it a different filename. Type the new filename at the end of the path.
--@@

!1DVR! !2DVR! !YDVR!@
Confirm on Replace Message

A file with this name already exists in the location you specified. Choose 1 to cancel the Move or Copy command. Choose 2 to replace the file in the destination directory with the file you are moving or copying.
--@@

!1MCJ! !2MCJ! !YMCJ!@
Delete Command

Deletes selected files or directories.

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
--@@

!1DJU! !2DJU! !YDJU!@
Delete File Dialog Box

This dialog box displays the name(s) of the file or files you selected for deletion. If you selected several files, you can scroll through them by musing the LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW keys.

If you do not want to delete these files, press ESC to cancel the command.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1DJR! !2DJR! !YDJR!@
Delete Box

Displays the name or names of files you selected for deletion. If you selected several files, you can scroll through them by using the LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW keys.

If you do not want to delete these files, press ESC to cancel the command.
--

!1MCK! !2MCK! !YMCK!@
Rename Command

Renames a selected file or directory to the name you specify.

Related Procedure
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~
--@@

!1DRS! !2DRS! !YDRS!@
Rename Dialog Box

Type the new name for the file or directory you selected.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1DRT! !2DRT! !YDRT!@
New Name Box

Type a new name for the selected file or directory. You can include as many as 8 characters in the name. You can follow the name with a period and an extension of up to three characters.

If you selected more than one file or directory, rename the first one, choose the OK button, rename the second one, and continue until you have renamed all of them.
--@@

!1MCL! !2MCL! !YMCL!@
Change Attributes Command

Displays the attributes assigned to a file. Attributes include Hidden, System, Archive, and Read-Only. You can choose this command to assign or remove attributes.

Related Procedure
   "  Changing File Attributes "~I107~
--@@

!1D4S! !2D4S! !YD4S!@
Change Attributes Dialog Box

In this dialog box, an arrow indicates attributes currently assigned to the selected file. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to select the attributes you want, and press the SPACEBAR to assign them, or remove them from the file.

You can also use the mouse.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!1D4W! !2D4W! !YD4W!@
File Attributes

An arrow next to an attribute means it is assigned to the file. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to select the attributes you want, and press the SPACEBAR to assign them or remove them from the file.

Set this attribute       To
--------                 ------
Hidden                   Prevent a file from appearing in
                         lists on your screen. 
System                   Mark a file as an MS-DOS system
                         file and prevent it from appearing
                         in lists on your screen.
Archive                  Mark a file that has been changed
                         since it was backed up.
Read-Only                Prevent a file from being changed.

Clear this attribute     To
---------                --------
Hidden                   Allow the file to appear in lists
                         on your screen.
System                   Mark a system file as a regular
                         file so it will appear in lists.
Archive                  Stop archiving a file.
Read-Only                Change a file.

You can display hidden and system files without changing the files' attributes by using the File Display Options command from the Options menu.
--@@

!1MCN! !2MCN! !YMCN!@
Create Directory Command

Creates a new directory on the current drive. If a directory is selected, this command creates a subdirectory within that directory.

Related Procedure
   " Creating Directories "~I115~
--@@

!1DGT! !2DGT! !YDGT!@
New Directory Name Box

Type the name you want to give the new directory.
--@@

!1DGS! !2DGS! !YDGS!@
Create Directory Dialog Box

In this dialog box, type the name of the directory you want to create. The new directory will be a subdirectory of the parent directory listed under Parent Name.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Creating Directories "~I115~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@


!1MCP! !2MCP! !YMCP!@
Select All Command

Selects all files in the currently selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~
--@@

!1MDA! !2MDA! !YMDA!@
Deselect All Command

Cancels all selections except one in the currently selected directory.

MS-DOS Shell displays error messages in the dialog box. To get Help on these messages, see

   " File List Messages "~I163~

Related Procedure
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~
--@@

!PMAJ! !1MAJ! !1MDC! !2MDC! !YMDC! @
Exit Command

Quits MS-DOS Shell and displays the MS-DOS command prompt.
--@@

!PMHE! !1MHE! !1MHI! !2MHI! !YMHI!@
Options Menu

You can use the commands on the Options menu to view and change options associated with files and groups. Commands are also provided for using the MS-DOS Shell task-swapping feature and for changing screen colors and modes used to display MS-DOS Shell.
--@@

!PMAK! !1MAK! !1MDD! !2MDD! !YMDD!@
Confirmation Command

Specifies whether MS-DOS Shell should prompt you for confirmation before deleting files and replacing files with duplicate names. The command also applies to mouse actions that involve moving and copying files.

Related Procedures
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~
--@@

!PDNS! !1DNS! !2DNS! !YDNS!@
Confirmation Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can specify whether MS-DOS Shell should prompt you for confirmation before a file is deleted or replaced, or when you are performing mouse actions that involve copying or moving files.

Related Procedures
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PDNT! !1DNT! !2DNT! !YDNT!@
Confirm on Delete Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message before you delete a file.
--@@

!PDNU! !1DNU! !2DNU! !YDNU!@
Confirm on Replace Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message before you replace a file in the same directory by moving or copying.
--@@

!PDNV! !1DNV! !2DNV! !YDNV!@
Confirm on Mouse Operation Check Box

Select this check box to receive a message when you perform a mouse action that involves moving or copying a file.
--@@

!PMAL! !1MAL! !1MDE! !2MDE! !YMDE!@
File Display Options Command

Lists files in sequence by name, extension, date, size, or order on the disk. Also controls the display of hidden and system files.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~
--@@

!PDLS! !1DLS! !2DLS! !YDLS!@
File Display Options Dialog Box

In this dialog box, you can change the order in which files are listed. You can list files by name, extension, date, size, or order on the disk. You can also specify whether you want to display files with hidden or system file attributes.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.
--@@

!PDLT! !1DLT! !2DLT! !YDLT!@
Name Box

Specify the type of file you want MS-DOS to list by typing an extension. You can use MS-DOS naming conventions, including wildcards (* and ?).
--@@

!PDLU! !1DLU! !2DLU! !YDLU!@
Display Hidden/System Files Check Box

Select this check box to display hidden and system files without changing their attributes.
--@@

!PDLV! !1DLV! !2DLV! !YDLV!@
Descending Order Check Box

Select this check box t0 use reverse alphabetical order, Z to A, to sort by filename and extension. If sorting by date, the Descending Order option displays the most recently modified file first. 
--@@

!PDLW! !1DLW! !2DLW! !YDLW!@
Sort By Name Option

Select this option to sort by filename, in alphabetical order from A to Z.
--@@

!PDLX! !1DLX! !2DLX! !YDLX!@
Sort By Extension Option

Select this option to sort first by the filename extension (for example, .TXT), and then by filename, in alphabetical order, from A to Z.
--@@

!PDLY! !1DLY! !2DLY! !YDLY!@
Sort By Date Option

Select this option to sort files by the date they were last modified, starting with the oldest file.
--@@

!PDLZ! !1DLZ! !2DLZ! !YDLZ!@
Sort By Size Option

Select this option to sort by the file size, from the smallest to the largest.
--@@

!PDL[! !1DL[! !2DL[! !YDL[!@
Sort By Diskorder Option

Select this option to sort by the order of the files on the disk.
--@@

!PMAM! !1MAM! !1MDF! !2MDF! !YMDF!@
Select Across Directories Command

Controls whether or not you can select files in more than one directory. A mark next to the command name indicates that the command is active.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~
--@@

!PMDG! !1MDG! !2MDG! !YMDG! !PMAN!@
Show Information Command

Displays information on the current file, the selected files, the directory, and the disk.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying File, Directory, & Drive Information "~I120~
--@@

!PDYR! !1DYR! ! !2DYR! !YDYR!@
Show Information Dialog Box

This dialog box displays information on the currently selected disk and its directories and files.
--@@

!PMAO! !1MAO! !1MDH! !2MDH! !YMDH!@
Enable Task Swapper Command

Turns on or off task swapping and displays the Active Task List to the right of the program list. With task swapping on, you can have more than one program open at a time and switch back and forth between programs. A diamond mark next to the command indicates that task swapping is on.

Related Procedures
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~
--@@

!PMAP! !1MAP! !1MDI! !2MDI! !YMDI!@
Display Command

Changes the screen mode and resolution used to display MS-DOS Shell.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~
--@@

!PDXT! !1DXT! !2DXT! !YDXT!@
Screen Mode Option

This dialog box displays the screen mode options available to you, based on information from the video driver and your hardware. Select the screen mode you want to use to display MS-DOS Shell and then choose the OK button. To see a display mode before you choose it, select it and choose the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~
--@@

!PDXR! !PDWR! !1DXR! !1DWR! !2DXR! !2DWR! !YDXR! !YDWR!@
Preview Button

Temporarily redraws the screen in the display mode or color scheme you selected. You can preview as many options as you like. Choose the OK button to confirm your selection, or the Cancel button to close the dialog box without making a change.
--@@

!PMDJ! !1MDJ! !2MDJ! !YMDJ! !PMBA!@
Colors Command

Changes the color scheme used for MS-DOS Shell.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~
--@@

!PDWQ! !1DWQ! !2DWQ! !YDWQ!@
Color Scheme Dialog Box

In this dialog box, select the color scheme you want for MS-DOS Shell and then choose the OK button.

To see a color scheme before you choose it, choose the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~

To get Help on a dialog box option, select it and press F1.

For information about creating your own color schemes, see the User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!PDWT! !1DWT! !2DWT! !YDWT!@
Color Scheme Option

You can change colors or return to the default setting by selecting one of the color schemes provided in this list and then choosing the OK button. To see a color scheme before you choose it, choose the Preview button.

Related Procedure
   " Changing Colors "~I106~
--@@

!PMHF! !1MHF! !1MHJ! !2MHJ! !YMHJ!@
View Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to display a single file list, two file lists, or information on files in the current directory.

You can also display a list of groups and program items and a list of files and directories at the same time.
--@@

!PMBB! !1MBB! !1MDK! !2MDK! !YMDK!@
Single File List Command

Displays a single directory tree and file list for the current drive.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying the Files in a Directory "~I119~
--@@

!PMBC! !1MBC! !1MDL! !2MDL! !YMDL!@
Dual File List Command

Displays two directory trees and file lists for the selected drive(s) in the file list.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~
--@@

!PMBD! !1MBD! !1MDM! !2MDM! !YMDM!@
All Files Command

Lists every file on the current drive, as well as information about the drive, its directories, and its files.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~
--@@

!PMBE! !1MBE! !1MDN! !2MDN! !YMDN!@
Program/File List Command

Displays a list of directories and files and a list of groups and programs.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying the File List & the Program List "~I125~
--@@

!PMBF! !1MBF! !1MDO! !2MDO! !YMDO!@
Program List Command

Displays a list of groups and program items in the current group.

Related Procedure
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
--@@

!PMBH! !1MBH! !1MEA! !2MEA! !YMEA! !VMFA!@
Repaint Screen Command

Redraws the screen. The Repaint Screen command does not update the list of files; if you want to update the lists to show changes, use the Refresh command.
--@@

!1MEB! !2MEB! !YMEB!@
Refresh Command

MS-DOS Shell rereads the disk and updates the lists to show changes such as deleted or restored files.
--@@

!1MHK! !2MHK! !YMHK!@
Tree Menu

You can use the commands on this menu to display or hide subdirectories in the directory tree.
--@@

!1MEC! !2MEC! !YMEC!@
Expand One Level Command

Displays the next level of subdirectories for the selected directory in the directory tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!1MED! !2MED! !YMED!@
Expand Branch Command

Displays all levels of subdirectories in the selected directory in the directory tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!1MEE! !2MEE! !YMEE!@
Expand All Command

Displays all subdirectories in all directories in the directory tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!1MEF! !2MEF! !YMEF!@
Collapse Branch Command

Hides all displayed subdirectories currently in the selected directory in the directory tree.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!I163!@
File List Messages

Following are several specific MS-DOS Shell messages you may receive and advice about how to handle them.

Access Denied
-------------
You may have tried one of the following:

   * Renaming a file or directory to one that already
     exists.

   * Deleting a directory that contains files. First you
     must delete or move the files.

   * Deleting a write-protected or read-only file. Try
     changing the file's attributes by using the Change
     Attributes command on the File menu.

   * Accessing a file that you do not have access rights to.
     Check with your system administrator.

Invalid Path
------------
Make sure that you specified the correct path for the file or directory (including the correct drive letter). The path is the location of the file in the directory tree. For more information about paths, see Chapter 5,"Working with Directories," in the User's Guide and Reference.

File or Drive Does Not Exist
----------------------------
Check to be sure the drive, path, and filename are correct. Use the file list to make sure the file is on the disk in the specified drive. Try using the Refresh command on the View menu to update the file list.

That Is the Wrong Floppy Disk
-----------------------------
Be sure you inserted the correct disk in the drive. When you insert the correct disk, MS-DOS Shell will continue with the operation.

The Disk Is Full
----------------
Use another disk or delete a file or files to make room.

Error Reading File
------------------
Make sure the file exists on the specified drive.

Error Writing To the Destination File
-------------------------------------
Be sure you inserted the correct disk in the drive. If that doesn't work, the disk may be damaged.

The File Is In Use By Someone Else
----------------------------------
You've tried to use a file on a network that someone else is using. To use the file, you must wait until it is available.

Unrecognized Error
------------------
Retry the operation. If you still get a message, quit MS-DOS Shell and start it again, and then retry the procedure.

Related Procedures
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!O!@
OK or Yes Button

OK Button
---------
Choose the OK button to carry out the command or operation specified in this dialog box. To cancel the command or operation, choose the Cancel button.

Yes Button
----------
Choose the Yes button if you want to continue carrying out the command or operation as specified. If you do not want to continue carrying out the command or operation, choose the No button.

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
--@@

!C! !1DUS! !2DUS! !PDUS! !YDUS!@
Cancel or Close or No Button

Cancel Button
-------------
Choose the Cancel button to cancel the command or operation specified in this dialog box. Choosing the Cancel button closes the dialog box. To carry out the command or operation, choose the OK button.

No Button
---------
Choose the No button if you do not want the command or operation carried out as specified. Choosing the No button closes the dialog box. To carry out the command as specified, choose the Yes button.

Close Button
------------
Closes the Help window and exits Help.

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
--@@

%

!1DIQ! !YD1Q! !2D1Q! !PDIQ!@
Drive Not Ready Message

Check the drive to be sure of the following:
  * A disk is in the drive.
  * The drive door is closed.
  * The disk is properly inserted in the drive.
  * The disk is formatted.
--@@

!1DIS! !YDIS! !2DIS! !PDIS!@
Critical Error Message

Try the following:

General Failure Error
---------------------
If you received a General Failure error, retry the operation. If it still doesn't work, continue reading.

Check Your Network Connection
-----------------------------
If you're using a net connection, check to be sure you are still connected and it is working.

For all other messages, continue reading:

Check the Floppy Disk
---------------------
If you're using a floppy disk, check to be sure that you've inserted the correct floppy disk in the drive, that it is inserted properly, and that the drive door is closed.

Check the Formatting
--------------------
The floppy disk and the drive may be incompatable. For example, you may be putting a high-density disk into a drive that only accepts low-density disks. If the disk and drive are compatible, the disk may be damaged.

Check the Drive
---------------
You may have a problem with your hard drive. Make sure it is properly connected. Consult your hardware documentation for more trouble shooting advice.
--@@



MS-DOS SHELL HELP PROCEDURES, MS-DOS 5.0 -- 2nd revisions

!I100!@
Adding and Changing Program Groups

A "group" is a name given to a collection of program items. You can add a new group to another program group in the program list. Once you've added a group, you can add other program items and groups to it.

To add a new group:

1. Open the group to which you want to add a group.
2. From the File menu, choose New.
   The New Program Object dialog box appears.
3. Select the Program Group option button and choose the OK
   button.
   The Add Group dialog box appears.
4. Type a name for the new group (up to 23 characters).
5. If you want, type a Help message and password for the
   group.
6. Choose the OK button.


You can change properties or assign additional properties
for all groups except the Main group.

To change the properties of a group:

1. Select the group name using the arrow keys or
   a mouse.
2. From the File menu, choose Properties.
   The Program Group Properties dialog box appears.
3. If you want, change the title.
4. If you want, add or change the Help text and a password.
5. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
--@@

!I102!@
Adding Program Items to Program Groups

In the program list, you can add a program item to a group. A program item contains startup information about a program file. When you choose the program item, MS-DOS Shell starts the program according to your instructions.

NOTE: A program item is not the program file itself. If you add a progam item, you add only the program list's startup instructions for that program. The program itself remains in its directory on your hard drive.

To add a program item:

1. Open the group you want to add a new item to.
2. From the File menu, choose New.
   The New Program Object dialog box appears.
3. Select the Program Group option button and choose the OK button.
   The Add Program dialog box appears.
4. Type a name for the program item (up to 23 characters).
5. In the Commands box, type the name of the program file
   that runs the program, along with any additional switches
   or parameters.
6. If you want, specify a startup directory,
   application shortcut key, password, or advanced
   properties for this item.
7. Choose the OK button.


To specify a shortcut key combination in the Application Shortcut Key box:

1. Select the Application Shortcut Key box.
2. Press one of the following keys: SHIFT, CTRL, or ALT. Then
   type a letter.
   MS-DOS Shell displays the keys you pressed. If [none]
   appears in the text box, the shortcut key combination you
   entered is unavailable. Try another combination.

For example, if you want to use SHIFT+W to move to Microsoft Word, you would press SHIFT and then type w. MS-DOS would display SHIFT+W in the text box and next to the
program title in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following key combinations:

CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
--@@

!I104!@
Changing Program Item Properties

You can change a program item's properties or assign additional properties after you've added the program item.

To change the properties of a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the program item.
2. Select the program item.
3. From the File menu, choose Properties.
   The Program Item Properties dialog box appears.
4. If you want, change the specified title and
   program file.
5. If you want, change or specify any of these
   options: Startup Directory, Application Shortcut
   Key, Pause After Exit, or Password.
6. To assign or change advanced properties, choose the
   Advanced button.
   The Advanced Properties dialog box appears.
7. Specify the options you want, and choose the OK button to
   close the Advanced Properties dialog box.
8. Choose the OK button.


To specify a shortcut key combination in the Application Shortcut Key box:

1. Select the Application Shortcut Key box.
2. Press one of the following keys: SHIFT, CTRL, or ALT. Then
   type a letter.
   MS-DOS Shell displays the keys you pressed. If [none]
   appears in the text box, the shortcut key combination you
   entered is unavailable. Try another combination.

For example, if you want to use SHIFT+W to move to Microsoft Word, you would press SHIFT and then type w. MS-DOS would display SHIFT+W in the text box and next to the program title in the Active Task List.

NOTE: Some key combinations are not available. Do not use the following key combinations:

CTRL+M
CTRL+I
CTRL+H
CTRL+[
CTRL+5 (on the keypad)
SHIFT+CTRL+M
SHIFT+CTRL+I
SHIFT+CTRL+H
SHIFT+CTRL+[
SHIFT+CTRL+5 (on the keypad)

Related Procedures
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
--@@

!I105!@
Associating Files with a Program

Any file in the file list can be linked with a program so that opening the file automatically starts the program. Files are associated using their filename extensions. For example, you could link files that have the .TXT extension with the MS-DOS Editor program so that when you open a .TXT file, MS-DOS Editor automatically starts and opens that file.

To associate a file with a program:

1. Select the program file that you want to associate
   files with.
2. From the File menu, choose Associate.
   The Associate dialog box appears.
3. Type the extensions of the files that you want to
   associate with the program, separating each
   extension with a space.
4. Choose the OK button.

Or

1. Select a file that has the extension you want.
2. From the File menu, choose Associate.
   The Associate dialog box appears.
3. Type the path and program filename of the program you
   want to associate with that extension.
4. Choose the OK button.

NOTE: You can associate up to 20 different file extensions with one program. However, you can only associate an extension with one program at a time. For example, you can't associate the extension .TXT with two different text-editing programs at the same time.

Related Procedure
   " Opening Files "~I131~
--@@

!I165!@
Backing Up Files

Topic info to come.
--@@

!I106!@
Changing Colors

You can choose from a variety of color combinations for displaying MS-DOS Shell windows. The number of choices you have depends on the type of system you're using and how it is set up.

To change color schemes:

1. From the Options menu, choose Colors.
   The Color Scheme dialog box appears.
2. Select the scheme you want from the list.
3. To see what the colors will look like, choose the Preview button.
4. Choose the OK button to set the new color scheme.

Available color schemes are defined in the DOSSHELL.INI file. Advanced users can edit this file and define their own color schemes.
--@@

!I154!@
Changing the Screen Display

You can choose from several screen modes for displaying MS-DOS Shell windows. The quality of your screen resolution depends on the type of system you're using and how it is set up.

To change screen modes:

1. From the Options menu, choose Display.
   The Screen Mode dialog box appears.
2. Select the resolution you want from the list.
3. To see what the screen mode looks like, choose the Preview button.
4. Choose the OK button to set the new screen mode.
--@@

!I107!@
Changing File Attributes

Files have several MS-DOS file attributes assigned to them. These attributes are as follows:

This attibute   Does this
-------------   ---------
Hidden          Prevents a file from appearing on your
                screen.
System          Identifies a file as a MS-DOS system file.
Archive         Indicates when a file has been modified.
Read-Only       Prevents a file from being modified.

You can change the attributes of files in the file list as needed.

To change the attributes of one file:

1. Select the file whose attributes you want to change.
2. From the File menu, choose Change Attributes.
   The Change Attributes dialob box appears.
3. Select the appropriate attributes from the list
   by using the arrow keys and the SPACEBAR, or a mouse.
   Selected attributes have a mark next to them.
4. Choose the OK button.


To change the attributes for more than one file:

1. Select the files whose attributes you want to
   change.
2. From the File menu, choose Change Attributes.
   A dialog box appears.
3. Select the first option to change the attributes
   for each file selected one at a time; select the second option
   to change the attributes for all files at once.
4. Choose the OK button.
5. Select the appropriate attributes from the list
   by using the arrow keys and the SPACEBAR, or a mouse.
   Selected attributes have a mark next to them.
6. Choose the OK button.

If you selected the first option, Change Selected Files One At A Time, you will need to repeat steps 5 and 6 until all the files you selected have been modified.
--@@

!I108!@
Changing Confirmation Messages

You can specify whether or not MS-DOS Shell will display confirmation messages when deleting or replacing files or when performing mouse actions that move or copy files.

The confirmation options are as follows:

This option                  Displays a message before
-----------                  -----------------------
Confirm on Delete            Deleting files.
Confirm on Replace           Replacing files with other
                             files of the same name.
Confirm on Mouse Operation   Copying or moving files by
                             using a mouse.

To specify which messages you want to receive when performing file operations:

1. From the Options menu, choose Confirmation.
2. Select the options you want.
3. Choose the OK button.
--@@

!I109!@
Choosing Command Buttons

Most dialog boxes have OK and Cancel command buttons. The OK button carries out the action specified in the dialog box. The Cancel button cancels the action and closes the dialog box. Other command buttons are labeled according to the action they take (for example, the Help button displays Help information for the dialog box).

To choose a command button by using a mouse:

 - Click the command button.


To choose a command button by using the keyboard:

 - Press TAB to move to the command button, and then
   press ENTER.

Unless a command button other than OK is selected, pressing ENTER has the same effect as choosing the OK button. Pressing ESC always has the same effect as choosing the Cancel button.

Related Procedure
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~
--@@

!I110!@
Choosing Commands

You choose commands from menus in MS-DOS Shell.

To choose a command by using a mouse:

1. Click the name of the menu that contains the command you want.
2. Click the name of the command.


To choose a command by using access keys:

1. Press ALT or F10 to select the menu bar at the top
   of your screen.
2. Press the underscored letter that corresponds to the
   menu you want (for example, V for View).
3. Press the underscored letter that corresponds to the
   command you want (for example, S for Single File
   List).


To choose a command by using the keyboard:

1. Press ALT or F10 to select the menu bar at the
   top of your screen.
2. Press the RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW key to select the
   menu you want.
3. Press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key to select the
   command you want.
4. Press ENTER to choose the command.

Related Procedure
   " Working with a Mouse "~I150~
--@@

!I112!@
Collapsing Directories

You can collapse a directory you've expanded in the file list directory tree. Collapsing a directory hides its subdirectories.

To collapse a directory by using a mouse:

 - Click the minus sign (-) to the left of the
   directory name in the tree.


To collapse a directory by using the keyboard:

1. Select the directory name in the tree.
2. From the Tree menu, choose Collapse Branch, or
   press the MINUS SIGN key (-).

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!I113!@
Copying Files

In the file list, you can copy one or more files from one directory to another directory or to a disk. It's easiest to use the dual file list so that you can display the source directory and the destination directory.

To copy files to a directory on a different drive by using a mouse:

 - Press and hold down CTRL and drag the file you want
   to copy onto the directory you want to copy to.


To copy files to a directory on the same drive by using the mouse:

 - Press and hold down CTRL and drag the file you want
   to copy to the destination directory in the
   directory tree.

To copy files by using the keyboard:

1. Select the files you want to copy.
2. From the File menu, choose Copy. 
   The Copy File dialog box appears.
3. In the To box, type the path of the destination directory.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when copying files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
--@@

!I114!@
Copying Program Items

You can copy a program item in the program list from one group to another.

To copy a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the item you want to copy.
2. Select the item.
3. From the File menu, choose Copy.
4. Open the group you want to copy the item to.
5. Press F2.

Related Procedure
  " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
--@@

!I115!@
Creating Directories

You create directories in the file list on the current drive, and in the current directory if one is selected. If a directory is selected, the new directory is added as a subdirectory. Otherwise, the directory is added to your root directory.

To create a new directory:

1. Select the drive and (optionally) the directory where
   you want the new directory created.
2. From the File menu, choose Create Directory.
   The Create Directory dialog box appears.
3. Type the name of the new directory.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
--@@

!I116!@
Deleting Program Items and Program Groups

When you delete a program item from a group, you remove its name  and any properties associated with it. The program file itself is not deleted; it remains in its directory on the disk.

When you delete a group, you must first delete all of its program items.

NOTE: A program item is not the program file itself. If you delete a progam item, you delete only the program list's startup instructions for that program. The program itself remains on your hard drive and will appear in the file list.

To delete a program item:

1. Open the group that contains the program item you
   want to delete.
2. Select the item by using the arrow keys or a mouse.
3. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete Item dialog box appears.
4. Choose the OK button.


To delete a group:

1. Select the group you want to delete.
2. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
   The Delete Item dialog box appears.
3. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedure
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
--@@

!I117!@
Deleting Files and Directories

You can delete files and directories in the file list when you are finished with them. Once a file or directory is deleted, it is removed from the disk and can no longer be used.

To delete one or more files:

1. Select the file or files you want to delete.
2. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
3. Choose the Yes button.


To delete a directory:

1. Select the directory you want to delete.
2. Be sure there are no files in the directory you want
   to delete; if there are, delete or move them.
3. From the File menu, choose Delete (or press DEL).
4. Choose the Yes button.

If you accidentally delete a file that you wanted to keep, use the Undelete program item or the undelete command in the Run dialog box to retrieve the file as soon as possible.

CAUTION: Once you delete a file, you might not be able to recover it. Although the Undelete program item and the undelete command in the Run dialog box can recover deleted files, they can do so with certainty only if no other files have been created or changed on the disk.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
--@@

!I118!@
Displaying a List of All Files

You can display a list of all files on a drive in the file list, including all system files. This list also contains additional information on the drive, its directories, and its files.

To display a list of all the files on a drive:

1. Select the drive you want to view.
2. From the View menu, choose All Files.

You can then select a different drive if you want to view its files.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
--@@

!I119!@
Displaying a List of Files in a Directory

You can display a single list of files for a selected drive and directory in the file list. MS-DOS Shell displays the directory tree on the left side of the MS-DOS Shell window; on the right, MS-DOS Shell displays a list of files in the current directory.

To display a single list of files:

1. From the View menu, choose Single File List.
2. Select the drive that contains the directory
   you want.
3. Select the directory that contains the files
   you want to list.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
--@@

!I120!@
Viewing File, Directory, and Drive Information

You can display additional information about the current drive, directory, and files.

To display information on a drive and its directories and files:

1. Select the drive, directory, and file(s) you want
   information on.
2. From the Options menu, choose Show Information.
3. When you're finished reviewing the information,
   choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
--@@

!I121!@
Displaying Two File Lists

You can display lists of files for two different directories at the same time in the File list.

To display two lists of files:

1. From the View menu, choose Dual File List.
2. For each list, select the drive that contains the
   directory you want for each list (to move between lists,
   press TAB or use the mouse).
3. Select the directory that contains the files you
   want displayed in each list.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
--@@

!I123!@
Opening Program Groups

You can display the contents of any group in the program list.

To open a group by using a mouse:

- Double-click the group name.


To open a group by using the keyboard:

1. Use the arrow keys to select the group you want to open.
2. Press ENTER.
   The name of the group you selected appears in the title
   bar of the program list. The group's program items and
   groups are displayed.

You can display the contents of the group one level up (the group that contains the currently displayed items) for all groups except the Main group.

To display the contents of the group one level up:

- Press ESC.
--@@

!I164!@
Formatting Floppy Disks

Topic info to come.

--@@

I124!@
Using the Command Prompt

There are several ways to use the command prompt without quitting MS-DOS Shell.

* Press SHIFT+F9.

* From the Main group, choose the MS-DOS Command Prompt
  program item.

* In the file list, from the File menu, choose Run.

To return to MS-DOS Shell from the MS-DOS command prompt:

1. Type: exit
2. Press ENTER.

When you use the Run command, MS-DOS will return you to MS-DOS Shell automatically after the command has finished running.

For more information on MS-DOS commands, see Part 4, "Commands," in the User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!I125!@
Displaying the File List and the Program List

You can display the file list, the program list, or both lists at once.

To display the file list:

 - From the View menu, choose Single File List, Dual File
   List, or All Files.


To display the program list:

- From the View menu, choose Program List.


To display both the program list and the file list at once:

- From the View menu, choose Program/File List.

Related Procedures
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~
   " Displaying the Files in a Directory "~I119~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~
--@@

!I126!@
Quitting MS-DOS Shell

When you quit MS-DOS Shell, you remove it from memory. First you must quit any programs you have running in the Active Task List.

To quit MS-DOS Shell:

 - From the File menu, choose Exit.

To quit MS-DOS Shell when there are programs in the Active Task List:

1. Switch to each program and quit it.
   MS-DOS Shell removes its name from the Active Task List.
2. From the File menu, choose Exit.

NOTE: Any programs you have running under Task Swapper must be closed before you exit.

To quit MS-DOS Shell when there are programs in the Active Task List:

1. Switch to each program and quit it.
   MS-DOS Shell removes its name from the Active Task List.
2. Quit MS-DOS Shell.

For information on leaving MS-DOS Shell without terminating it, see
   " Leaving MS-DOS Shell "~I160~
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~
--@@

!I127!@
Expanding Directories

You can expand either selected directories or all directories in the file list directory tree, to see the subdirectories each contains.

To expand a directory one level by using the mouse:

 - Click the plus sign (+) to the left of the directory
   name.


To expand a directory one level by using the keyboard:

1. Select the directory name by using the arrow keys.
2. From the Tree menu, choose Expand One Level. You can
   also press ENTER or the PLUS SIGN key (+).

To view all subdirectories under a directory:

1. Select the directory name.
2. From the menu, choose Expand Branch, or press the
   ASTERISK key (*).


To view all subdirectories in the directory tree:

 - From the Tree menu, choose Expand All, or press
   CTRL+ASTERISK (*).

Related Procedure
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~
--@@

!I128!@
Selecting Areas

To work with an area such as the directory tree or the Active Task List, you must first select it. 

To select an area:

 - Press TAB or click the area you want.
--@@

!I129!@
Moving Files

In the file list, you can move one or more files from one directory to another directory. If you prefer displaying  the source directory and the destination directory when you move files, use the dual file list view.

NOTE: When you move a file it is deleted from the source directory.

To move a file from one directory to another on the same drive by using a mouse:

- Drag the file onto the directory you want to move it to.

To move a file from one directory to another on a different drive by using a mouse:

- Press and hold down the ALT key and drag the file
   onto the directory you want to move it to.

To move a file from one location to another by using the keyboard:

1. Select the file you want to move.
2. From the File menu, choose Move, or press F7.
   The Move File dialog box appears.
3. Type the drive and directory where you want to move
   the file.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when moving files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
--@@

!I131!@
Opening Files

You can open a program file or a data file in the file list. Opening a program file starts the program. Opening a data file associated with a program starts the program and automatically loads the file.

To open a program file or data file by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the filename.

To open a program file or data file by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the file list to the right of
   the directory tree.
2. Use the arrow keys to select the file you want to
   open.
3. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
--@@

!I132!@
Changing the File Display Order

You can change what determines the order of files in the file list.

To change the order in which files are listed:

1. From the Options menu, choose File Display Options.
2. Select the option you want.
3. Choose the OK button.

You can sort and display files in the following ways:

Choose this option  To sort
------------------  -------
Name                By filename in alphabetical order.
Extension           By extension, then by filename.
Date                By last modification date, oldest
                    files first.
Size                By file size, largest files to smallest.
Diskorder           By the order they were created on
                    the drive.

The Descending Order option reverses the order MS-DOS uses to sort files. When you select this option, MS-DOS Shell will:

  * Reverse the alphabetical order, Z to A.
  * Reverse the date order, listing the most recent files
    first.
--@@

!I133!@
Organizing Program Items in a Program Group

You can change the order in which the group names and program items appear in the program list.

To reorganize the items in a group:

1. Select the item you want to reorder.
2. From the File menu, choose Reorder.
3. Select the item you want to precede the selected
   item.
4. Press ENTER.
--@@

!I134!@
Printing Files

You can print text files only from the file list. In order to print, first you must install the printer.

To print text files from MS-DOS Shell when the printer is installed:

1. Select the file or files you want to print (you can
   select up to 10 files to print at one time).
2. From the File menu, choose Print.
3. Choose the OK button.


To install the printer, task swapping must be turned off.

To install the printer:

1. Quit any programs listed in the Active Task List.
2. From the Options menu, choose Enable Task Swapper to turn off task swapping.
3. From the File menu, choose Run.
   A dialog box will appear, where you can type commands.
4. Type: print
5. Choose the OK button. You will temporarily leave MS-DOS
   Shell. MS-DOS will ask you for the port you want to use.
6. Type the port name, such as PRN.
   The default printer-device name, PRN, refers to the
   first parallel port on your system. Other names for
   parallel ports are LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3. Other names for
   serial ports are COM1, COM2, COM3, and COM4.
7. Press any key to return to MS-DOS Shell.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
--@@

!I135!@
Repainting the Screen Display

Occasionally you may want to redraw your screen. The Repaint Screen command does not update the list of files; if you want to update the lists to show changes, use the Refresh View command.

To repaint the screen display:

 - From the View menu, choose Repaint Screen or press F5.

Related Procedure
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~
--@@

!I136!@
Renaming Files and Directories

You can change the name of a file or directory as needed.

To rename a file or directory:

1. Select the file or directory you want to rename.
2. From the File menu, choose Rename.
   A dialog box appears.
3. Type the new name.
4. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
--@@

!I155!@
Restoring Deleted Files

Once you delete a file, you might not be able to recover it. You can recover deleted files with certainty only if no other files have been created or changed on the disk.

Avoid running any programs or using any commands other than the run and undelete commands at the command prompt until you restore the file you deleted.

Generally, the undelete command is the best way to restore files, because it creates fewer temporary files which might overwrite the deleted files you are trying to restore.

There are several ways to restore files you deleted. If you have any programs running in the Active Task List, you can:
  * -Use the undelete command in the Run dialog box in MS-DOS Shell.
  * If the program has a way to get to the command prompt
    without writing to the disk, use it to use the undelete
    command. See the software documentation for more
    information.

CAUTION:If the disk you deleted files from is full, you may have trouble recovering deleted files. See "???" in the User's Guide and Reference for more information.

To restore a file or files by using the undelete command:

1. From the File menu, choose Run.
   The Run dialog box appears.
2. Type: undelete /all
3. Choose the OK button.
   You will leave MS-DOS Shell temporarily. MS-DOS displays
   a message stating whether or not the file or files were
   successfully restored.
4. Press any key to return to MS-DOS Shell.
   You won't see the restored file in the file list until
   MS-DOS Shell rereads the drive.
5. From the View menu, choose Refresh. 
   The restored file will appear in the file list.


To restore a file or files by using the Undelete program item:

1. From the Disk Utilities group, choose the Undelete
   program item.
   A dialog box appears where you can type parameters and
   switches. 
2. Choose the OK button.
   For more information about the parameters and switches
   you can use, see:
      " More on Undelete "~S137~

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~

For information on controlling the display of confirmation dialog boxes when deleting files, see
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~

For more information on the undelete command, see Part 4, "Commands," in the User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!I138!@
Scrolling Through Lists

Some lists are longer than their display area on your screen. You can move (or scroll) through lists of files, directories, groups, program items, dialog box options, and file contents in order to see more information.

Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys to view the next or previous window of information in the list. If you have a mouse, you can click the top or bottom of the scroll bar to the right of the list.

Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to scroll through a list one item at a time. You can also click the arrows in the scroll bar to the right of the list, or drag the scroll box up or down in the scroll bar.

Use CTRL+HOME to move to the beginning of a list. Use CTRL+END to move to the end of a list.

You can press a letter key to move to the next item that begins with that letter.
--@@

!I139!@
Searching for Files

In the file list, you can search for files anywhere on the selected drive.

When you search for files, you can specify a single filename or use MS-DOS wildcards to specify a particular set of files -- for example, *.TXT. The files are listed, along with the directory path. From this list, you can perform regular file operations.

To search for files:

1. From the File menu, choose Search.
2. Type the name of the file you want to search for, or
   use MS-DOS wildcards (* or ?) to search for a set of
   files with similar names or extensions.
3. Choose the OK button.
--@@

!I140!@
Selecting Files Across Directories

You can select files in more than one directory at a time. This is useful when you want to perform the same task on files in different directories--for example, deleting files across directories.

To select files in more than one directory:

1. From the Options menu, choose Select Across Directories
   A mark next to the command name indicates that the
   command is active.
2. Display each of the directories you want to select
   files from, and then select the files you want.


To cancel the Select Across Directories command:

- From the Options menu, choose Select Across Directories.
  The mark next to the command name disappears.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
--@@

!I141!@
Selecting All Files in a Directory

You can select all files currently displayed in the file list.

To select all files in the file list:

 - From the File menu, choose Select All, or press
   CTRL+/ (slash).


To cancel all selections:

 - From the File menu, choose Deselect All, or press
   CTRL+\ (backslash).
--@@

!I142!@
Selecting and Canceling Menus

You choose commands in MS-DOS Shell from menus located in the menu bar at the top of your screen. When you select the menu bar, you make it active.

To select the menu bar by using a mouse:

 - Click the menu name you want.


To select the menu bar by using the keyboard:

 - Press ALT or F10.

Once the menu bar is active, you can use the arrow keys or a mouse to view different menus and choose commands.

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~
--@@

!I161!@
Updating the Lists

MS-DOS Shell can reread the disk and update the lists to show changes such as deleted or restored files.

To refresh the lists:

 - From the View menu, choose Refresh View.

Related Procedure
   " Repainting the Screen Display "~I136~
--@@

!I143!@
Using Dialog Box Options

You can select options displayed in a dialog box to give a command or operation additional information. Another way to specify information is by typing in a text box.

Check Boxes, Option Buttons, and List Boxes
-------------------------------------------

To select dialog box options by using a mouse:

 - Click the option you want to select.


To select dialog box options by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the option you want.
2. To select this option   Do this
   ---------------------   -------
   A check box             Press the SPACEBAR to select
                           or clear it.

   An option button        Press the UP ARROW or DOWN
                           ARROW keys.

   An item in a list box   Press the UP ARROW or DOWN
                           ARROW keys.

Text Boxes
----------

If the text box already contains text, the text is automatically selected and any new text you type replaces it. If you don't want to replace all of the text, you can insert and delete text.

To type information in a dialog box:

1. Press TAB or click to move to the area where you want to
   type information.
2. Type the appropriate information, using the BACKSPACE
   key to correct mistakes.
3. Choose the OK button to accept the information and carry
   out the command.


To insert letters in the text:

1. Use the arrow keys or click to position the insertion
   point where you want to insert text.
2. Type the text, using BACKSPACE to correct mistakes.

Related Procedure
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
--@@

!I144!@
Selecting Directories

When you select a directory in the file list directory tree, the area to the right of the directory tree displays a list of files contained in that directory.

To select a directory by using a mouse:

 - Click the name of the directory in the directory
   tree.


To select a directory by using the keyboard:

1. Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to move to the
   previous or next directory.
2. Press ENTER.

Related Procedure
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
--@@

!I145!@
Selecting Drives

The file list displays the directories and files contained on the currently selected drive. You can select a different drive to view its contents.

To select a drive by using a mouse:

 - Click the drive letter.

Or

 - Double-click the current drive letter to have MS-DOS
   Shell reread the disk and update the lists to show
   changes such as deleted or restored files.


To select a drive by using the keyboard:

 - Press and hold down CTRL and press the letter that
   corresponds to the drive (for example, CTRL+C).

Or

1. Press TAB to move to the area listing the drive
   letters.
2. Select the drive you want using the LEFT ARROW or
   RIGHT ARROW keys.
3. Press ENTER.
--@@

!I146!@
Selecting Files

Before you can perform most file operations in the file list, you must first select a file.

NOTE: Don't press ENTER unless you want to open the selected file.

Selecting a Single File
-----------------------

To select a file by using a mouse:

 - Click the filename.


To select a file by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the list of files.
2. Select the file by pressing the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
   keys.

Selecting All Files
-------------------

To select all files:

 - From the File menu, choose Select All.
   Or press CTRL+/(Slash).

Extending a Selection
---------------------

To select consecutive files by using a mouse:

1. Click the first file.
2. Hold down SHIFT and click the last file in the
   range.


To select consecutive files by using the keyboard:

1. Press TAB to move to the list of files.
2. Select the first file.
3. Press and hold down SHIFT and press the UP ARROW or
   DOWN ARROW keys to select the additional files you want.

Selecting Non-Consecutive Files
-------------------------------

To select non-consecutive files by using the mouse:

1. Click the first file.
2. Press and hold down CTRL, and then click each other file
   you want.

The Add mode is an easy keyboard method to select non-consecutive files. In Add mode, you use the arrow keys to move through the list of files, and then press the SPACEBAR to select the files you want.

To use the Add Mode to select two non-consecutive files by:

1. Select the first file.
2. Press SHIFT+F8 to turn on Add mode.
   "Add" appears in the status bar.
3. Use the arrow keys to move to the second file you want
   to select.
4. Press the SPACEBAR.


To turn off Add mode:

 - Press SHIFT+F8.
   "Add" is no longer displayed in the status bar.

Canceling a Selection in Add Mode
---------------------

To cancel a selection in Add mode by using the mouse:

 - Hold down CTRL while you click the file.


To cancel a selection in Add mode by using the keyboard:

1. If Add mode is not already on, press SHIFT+F8.
   "Add" appears in the status bar.
2. Use the arrow keys to move to the file.
3. Press the SPACEBAR.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
--@@

!I147!@
Starting Programs

You can start a program or run a command from either the program list or the file list.

From the program list
---------------------

To start a program from the program list by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the program item.

To start a program from the program list by using the keyboard:

1. Open the group that contains the program item.
2. Select the program item.
3. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.

To run a program from MS-DOS Command Prompt in the Main group:

1. From the program list, choose the Main group.
2. Choose the MS-DOS Command Prompt program item.
   You temporarily exit MS-DOS Shell.
3. Type the name of the program file or the command name,
   along with any switches or parameters you want, on the
   command line.
4. Press ENTER.

To return to MS-DOS Shell when you have finished using the program:

1. Type: exit
2. Press ENTER

From the File list
------------------

To start a program from the file list by using a mouse:

 - Double-click the file.


To start a program from the file list by using the keyboard:

1. Select the program file or an associated data file.
2. Press ENTER or, from the File menu, choose Open.

Both File List and Program List
-------------------------------

To run a program or a command from the Run dialog box:

1. From the File menu, choose Run.
2. Type the name of the program file or the command name,
   along with any switches or parameters you want, in the
   Commands box.
3. Choose the OK button.

Using the Run Command
---------------------

If the program you want to run is not displayed, you can use the Run command to start it.

To start a program by using the Run command:

1. From the File menu, choose Run.
2. Type the path of the program file. You can open a data
   file at the same time you start most programs by typing a
   space and the data-file path after the program filename).
3. Choose the OK button.

Related Procedures
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Opening Files "~I131~

For more information on MS-DOS commands, see Part 4, "MS-DOS Commands," in the User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!I160!@
Leaving MS-DOS Shell

You can leave MS-DOS Shell temporarily while you work with the MS-DOS command prompt and return to it again when you're finished.

To temporarily leave MS-DOS Shell:

 - Press SHIFT+F9.

   Or 

   Choose the Command Prompt program item from the Main
   group.


To return to MS-DOS Shell from the command prompt:

1. Type: exit
2. Press ENTER.

Related Procedure
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~
--@@

!I152!@
Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List

When you choose Enable Task Swapper, you can have several programs running at one time and switch between them. When Task Swapper is enabled, each program you run is added to the Active Task List to the right of the program list. You can switch from MS-DOS Shell to any program listed in the Active Task List, or switch between programs.

To turn on task swapping and display the Active Task List:

 - From the Options menu, choose Enable Task Swapper.
   A mark appears next to the command name.
   The Active Task List appears to the right of the program
   list.

There are two ways to start programs when task swapping is on. You can:
  * Start the program and display it.
  * Start the program and stay in MS-DOS Shell. You
    might use this if you wanted to start several
    programs in MS-DOS Shell before using them.

NOTE: You should not run 3279 emulator programs with Task Swapper. Using them with Task Swapper may disconnect you from your mainframe and cause data to be lost.

To start a program and display it:

 - Start the program just as you always do. The
   program window appears. MS-DOS Shell
   automatically adds it to the Active Task List.


To start a program and stay in MS-DOS Shell:

 - Hold down the SHIFT key and click the program filename
   or associated file.

   Or

 - Select the program name and press SHIFT+ENTER.
   MS-DOS adds the program to the Active Task List.


To switch to an item in the Active Task List:

 - Double-click its name.

   Or

 - Use the arrow keys to select its name, and then press
   ENTER.
   The program window appears.


To return to MS-DOS Shell from a program:

 - Press CTRL+ESC.

NOTE: Any programs you have running in the Active Task List must be closed before you quit.

Related Procedures
   " Running More than One Program "~S122~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~
--@@

!I148!@
Switching Between Programs

You can switch from MS-DOS Shell to any program in the Active Task List, or switch between programs.

To                                  Do this
--                                  -------
Switch to MS-DOS Shell from a       Press CTRL+ESC.
program

Switch to a program from            Choose it from the 
MS-DOS Shell                        Active Task List.

Switch to another program           Hold down the ALT key
by cycling through the              while you repeatedly
programs                            press TAB until you come
                                    to the program you want.

Switch between two programs         Press ALT+TAB.

Switch to the next program          Press ALT+ESC.

Switch to the previous              Press SHIFT+ALT+ESC.
program.

Cycle through the programs          Hold down the SHIFT key
backwards                           and the ALT key while
                                    you repeatedly press TAB
                                    until you come to the
                                    program you want.

Use an application shortcut         Press CTRL+letter,
key you defined. You can create     ALT+letter,
these shortcut key combinations     or SHIFT+letter.
in the Add Program dialog box.

Related Procedures
   " Running More than One Program "~S122~
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~
--@@

!I149!@
Viewing File Contents

You can view the contents of a file in ASCII (character) or hexadecimal (numeric) format. The Viewing File Contents command is not an editing tool.

To view the contents of a file:

1. Select the file you want to view.
2. From the File menu, choose View File Contents,
   or press F9.

The method for scrolling through a file with the mouse depends upon the screen mode you are using.

If you are running
MS-DOS Shell in        Click this at the top
this mode:             of the window:
------------------     ---------------------
Graphics mode          The PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP, or arrow
                       icons.

Text mode              The words Page Up or Page Down.


To scroll through a file by using the keyboard:

 - Press PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN or press the UP ARROW and
   DOWN ARROW key.


To switch the screen display between ASCII and hexidecimal:

 - From the Display menu, choose either ASCII or Hex, or
   press F9.


To display the File list:
 - From the View menu, choose Restore View, or press ESC.
--@@

!I150!@
Working With a Mouse

The mouse pointer displayed on your screen moves as you roll the mouse across your desk. To perform a task by using a mouse, you point to what you want and then click, double-click, or drag. These terms mean the following:

Term            Action
----            ------
Point           Move the mouse pointer to a specific place
                on your screen by sliding the mouse.

Click           Press and release the left mouse button.
                "Click" implies that you first point to what
                you want and then press the mouse button.

Double-click    Quickly press the left mouse button twice in
                succession. "Double-click" implies that you
                first point to what you want and then press
                the mouse button twice rapidly.

Drag            Move the mouse pointer to the object you
                want, press and hold down the left mouse
                button and slide the mouse to another
                location, and then release the mouse button.
                For example, you can move a file by dragging
                its filename to a different directory name.
--@@

!I153! !H!@
Using Help

Viewing Help Topics
-------------------
You can use the following to move more Help information into view:

    - The PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys.
    - The arrow keys.
    - The scroll bar to the right of the dialog box.

Help displays related topics in a different color.

To view a related topic:

 - Press TAB to select the topic you want and then press
   ENTER. Or, click the topic name.

To move to the previous topic:

 - Press SHIFT+TAB.

To close a Help window:

 - Press ESC, or pPress TAB to select the OK button and
   press ENTER. Or, click the OK button.

Getting Instant Help
--------------------
To get instant Help on a menu, command, dialog box
option, or an area of the MS-DOS Shell window:

 -  Select the item and press F1.

To get instant Help on a dialog box or a message
displayed on your screen:

 - Press F1, or press TAB to move to the Help button
   and then press ENTER. You can also click the Help button.

Using the Help Index
--------------------
To view a complete index of Help topics:

 - From the Help menu, choose the Index command.


To view the Help index from a Help screen:

 - Press TAB to move to and select the Index button and then
   press ENTER. You can also click the Index button.

To move to the previous Help button:
 - Press SHIFT+TAB.

More on Help
------------
For more information about Shell Help, choose the Using Help command from the Help menu.
--@@

!K!@
Keyboard Help

To see a topic:

 - Double-click the topic.

Or

 - Press TAB to select the topic, and then press ENTER.

   " General MS-DOS Shell Keys "~K101~
   " Movement Keys "~K102~
   " Help Keys "~K109~
   " Active Task List Keys "~K103~
   " Program List Keys "~K104~
   " File List Keys "~K105~
   " File Selection Keys "~K106~
   " Directory Tree Keys "~K107~
   " Drive Selection Keys "~K108~
--@@

!K101!@
General MS-DOS Shell Keys

Use the following keys when working with MS-DOS Shell:

Press this          To
----------          --
ENTER             Carry out a command or
                  operation.

ESC               Cancel the current command
                  or operation.

F1                Display Help information on the
                  selected area, command, or
                  dialog box option.

ALT+F4            Quit MS-DOS Shell and go to the
or F3             MS-DOS command prompt.

SHIFT+F9          Save MS-DOS Shell in memory and go to up
                  the MS-DOS command prompt.
--@@

!K102!@
Movement Keys

Use the following keys to move around the MS-DOS Shell window:

Press this         To
----------         --
F10              Select the menu bar at the top of
or ALT           the window.

TAB              Move to the next area of the MS-DOS Shell
                 window or dialog box.

SHIFT+TAB        Move to the previous area of the
                 Shell window or dialog box.

HOME             Move to the beginning of a line or
                 a list.

END              Move to the end of a line or a list.

CTRL+HOME        Move to the beginning of a list.

CTRL+END         Move to the end of a list.

PAGE UP          Scroll to the previous window of
                 information.

PAGE DOWN        Scroll to the next window of
                 information.

UP ARROW         Scroll up and down in a list,
and DOWN ARROW   line by line.

Letter           Move to the next item in a list
                 that begins with that letter.
--@@

!K103!@
Active Task List Keys

You must turn on task swapping before you can use the following keys:

Press this            To
----------            --
SHIFT+ENTER           Start a program and add it to the
                      Active Task List without leaving
                      MS-DOS Shell.

CTRL+ESC              Go to MS-DOS Shell from an 
                      program.

Hold down the ALT     Go to another program by
key and repeatedly    cycling through the programs.
press TAB until you
come to the program
you want.

ALT+TAB               Toggle between two programs.

ALT+ESC               Go to the next program.

SHIFT+ALT+ESC         Go to the previous program.

Hold down             Cycle backwards through the
SHIFT+ALT+TAB         programs.

CTRL+letter,          Move to a program. You can create
ALT+letter,           these program shortcut key
or SHIFT+letter       combinations in the Add Program
                      dialog box.
--@@

!K104!@
Program List Keys

Use the following keys when working in the program list:

Press this          To
----------          --
F2                Copy programs in the program list
                  by using Copy command on the File menu.

DEL               Delete the selected program item or
                  group.

In Program/File Lists
View, press this        To
----------------        --
SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER        Start a program in the program list,
                        or open a selected file in the file
                        list.
--@@

!K105!@
File List Keys

Use the following keys when working in the file list:

Press this         To
----------         --
F7               Move the selected file or files from
                 one directory to another. F7 is
                 equivalent to the Move command on the
                 File menu.

F8               Copy the selected file or files
                 from one directory to another. F8 is
                 equivalent to the Copy command on
                 the File menu.

F9               Display the contents of a file. F9
                 is equivalent to the View File Contents 
                 command on the File menu.

DEL              Delete the selected file or files.

When viewing the
contents of a file,  
press this key      To
----------------    --
F9                  Switch between ASCII and hexadecimal
                    display.

In Program/File
Lists View, press
this key            To
------------------  --
SHIFT+CTRL+ENTER    Start a program in the program list, or
                    open a selected file in the file list.
--@@

!K106!@
File Selection Keys

Use the following keys to select items in the file list:

Press this         To
----------         --
SHIFT+F8           Turn Add mode on or off. You can turn
                   Add mode on to select nonconsecutive
                   items from the file list. When Add mode
                   is on, the word "ADD" is displayed in the
                   lower-right corner of the MS-DOS Shell 
                   window.

SHIFT+UP         Add the previous file in the file
ARROW            list to the selection.

SHIFT+DOWN       Add the next file in the file list to
ARROW            the selection.

SHIFT+PAGE UP    Add files in the previous window's
                 file list to the selection.

SHIFT+PAGE       Add files in the next window's file
DOWN             list to the selection.

CTRL+/           Select all files in the list.

CTRL+\           Cancel the file selection in the
                 list.

In Add mode,
press this         To
------------       --
SHIFT+SPACEBAR     Select the group of files between the
                   previously selected file and the cursor.

SPACEBAR         Add the file at the cursor location to the
                 selection.

--@@

!K107!@
Directory Tree Keys

Use the following keys when workin in the directory tree:

Press this         To
----------         --
UP ARROW or        Move the cursor up or down to the
DOWN ARROW         next directory.

CTRL+ASTERISK      Display all directories in the tree.
(*)
MINUS (-)          Hide the subdirectories in the
                   selected directory.

PLUS (+)         Display one level of subdirectories
                 in the selected directory.

ASTERISK (*)     Display all subdirectories in the
                 selected directory.
--@@

!K108!@
Drive Selection Keys

Use the following keys to select a drive in the file list:

Press this         To
----------         --
SPACEBAR         Display the directories on the
                selected drive.

CTRL+drive       Move the cursor to the drive,
letter           read the drive, and display its
                 directories. This shortcut key is
                 equivalent to selecting the drive
                 letter and pressing the SPACEBAR.

ENTER            Read the currently selected drive
                 and display its contents.

F5               Redisplay the directory tree and file
                 list. F5 is equivalent to the Refresh
                 command on the View menu.
--@@

!K109!@
Help Keys

close the following keys when viewing Help text:

Press this         To
----------         --
ENTER            Carry out a command or operation or
                 display the selected topic.

ESC              Close the current Help window.

F1               Display information on how to use Help.

TAB              Move to the next Help button; within a
                 topic, move to the next topic title.

SHIFT+TAB        Move to the previous Help button or
                 previous related topic title.

PAGE UP          Scroll to the previous window of
                 information.

PAGE DOWN        Scroll to the next window of
                 information.

UP ARROW         Scroll up and down in a list,
or DOWN ARROW    line by line.
--@@

!B!@
MS-DOS Shell Basics

The following topics get you started using MS-DOS Shell, a graphical environment that helps you organize and work with files and directories.

Instead of typing commands and parameters at the command prompt, you can choose commands from menus and specify options in dialog boxes.

This Help information assumes you are familiar with basic MS-DOS concepts such as files, directories, and paths. If you are new to MS-DOS, first see Part 1, "MS-DOS Fundamentals," in the User's Guide and Reference.

To see a topic:
 - Press TAB to select the topic and then press ENTER.
Or
 - Double-click the topic.

   " Welcome to MS-DOS Shell "~S100~
   " Menus and Commands "~S103~
   " Dialog Boxes "~S105~
   " File List and Program List "~S114~
   " File List Overview "~1N~
   " Program List Overview "~I099~
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~S125~
--@@

!S100!@
Welcome to MS-DOS Shell

MS-DOS Shell helps you see the organization of your files and programs at a glance.

* ORGANIZE FILES GRAPHICALLY
  You can easily see where your files are located and
  see information about them.

* ORGANIZE PROGRAMS GRAPHICALLY
  You can organize programs into groups that make the
  programs easier to find and use.

Next topic:
   " The MS-DOS Shell Window "~S101~
--@@

!S101!@
The MS-DOS Shell Window

When you first start MS-DOS Shell you see a window with a list of the files on the current drive and a list of programs available to you. For more information about these lists, see "File List and Program List."

The parts of the MS-DOS Shell window include the following:

  * The title bar displays the name MS-DOS Shell at
    the top of your screen.
     +--------------------------------------------+
     |                 MS-DOS SHELL               |

  * The menu bar lists the names of the available
    menus. When you select a menu, it displays a list
    of commands you can choose from.

    ---------------------------------------------
      File  Options  View  Tree  Help
    ---------------------------------------------

  * Drive letters indicate which drives are currently
    available.

  * The window title is the name of the current directory,
    group of files, group of program items, or the Active
    Task List.

  * The selection cursor shows you where you are in the
    list.

  * Scroll bars let you move part of a list into view
    when the whole list isn't visible at once.

  * The status bar, the bottom line on the screen, displays
    messages, and the current time.

Next topic:
   " Scroll Bars "~S113~
--@@

!S113!@
Scroll Bars

Some areas of the MS-DOS Shell window and dialog boxes contain scroll bars you can use to view text that requires more than the available space.

To scroll           Do this
---------           -------
Line by line        Click one of the scroll arrows.
                    Or, press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key.

Continuously        Point to one of the scroll arrows
                    and hold down the mouse button
                    until the information you want
                    comes into view. Or, hold down
                    the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key.

Quickly             Drag the scroll box up or down the
                    scroll bar to the position you
                    want. The section of the text or
                    list that comes into view depends
                    on the position of the scroll box.
                    For example, if you move the scroll
                    box halfway down the scroll bar,
                    the text halfway through a file
                    or list appears. You can also press the
                    PAGE DOWN or PAGE UP key.

Next topic:
   " Menus and Commands "~S103~
--@@

!S103!@
Menus and Menu Commands

Commands represent actions that you can tell MS-DOS Shell to carry out. MS-DOS Shell lists commands in menus. The menus vary depending on whether the selected MS-DOS Shell window  is displaying directories and files or groups and program items.

SELECTING MENUS
Selecting the menu is the first step in choosing a command. You can also select a menu to:

  * See its commands.
  * Get Help on the selected menu by pressing the F1 key.

When you want to close a menu without choosing a command, press ESC.

CHOOSING COMMANDS
Some commands perform tasks directly; others require more information. No matter which menu or command you want to use, you follow the same procedure: first select the menu and then choose the command.

Some command names have symbols and letters next to them and sometimes command names are dimmed.

When you see this    It means
-----------------    --------
Dimmed command       The command is not available at
                     this time. You might need to select
                     something before you can use the
                     command, or it might not be avail-
                     able for the task you are currently
                     performing.

Diamond mark         The command is active. Used for
                     a command that turns a feature either
                     on or off.

Key combination      You can use this as a shortcut to
                     choose the command without first
                     displaying the menu.

Ellipsis (...)       A dialog box will appear when the
                     command is chosen, requesting
                     information needed to carry out the
                     command.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting and Canceling Menus "~I142~
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~

Next topic:
   " Dialog Boxes "~S105~
--@@

!S105!@
Dialog Boxes

Instead of remembering the exact parameters and other information needed to carry out commands from the command-line, you can fill out dialog boxes which display all the options. There are several ways to specify information in dialog boxes.

The following are the types of options you will see:

With this            You can
---------            -------
Check box            Select as many of the boxes as you
		     like. A selected check box contains
		     an X.

List box             Select one from the list of choices.
		     You can use the scroll bars to see
		     choices that aren't visible.

Option button        Select one from the group of small
		     round buttons. You can only select
		     one option at a time. The selected
		     option button contains a dot.

Text box             Type text in a box with a cursor in it.

After you supply the information, you choose the OK button to carry out the command.

To close a dialog box without carrying out the command, press ESC or choose the Cancel button.

You can also get Help on the dialog box by choosing the Help button.

Related Procedures
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~
   " Scrolling Through Lists "~I138~
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
   " Closing Dialog Boxes "~I111~

Next topic:
   " File List and Program List "~S114~
--@@

!S114!@
File List and Program List

MS-DOS Shell provides two basic kinds of lists:

  * A list of directories and files
  * A list of program items and groups

MS-DOS Shell also offers you several ways to view these lists by using commands on the View menu, as follows:

To view                  Choose
---------------------    ------------------
Only directories and     Single File List
files on a disk

Directories and files    Dual File List
on two disks

Files in a selected      All Files
drive and file
information

Only groups and          Program List
program items

Groups, program          Program/File List
items, directories,
and files

To view a particular list, choose it from the View menu. Here are some suggestions for when to view each list:

Use                      To
----------------         ---------------------------
Single File List         Find a file in a directory.

Dual File List           Use the mouse to copy a file from
			 one directory or disk to another.

All Files                Compare information about files.

Program List             Start a program and an
			 associated file.

Program/File Lists       Create a new program item
			 by copying information from the
			 file list.

Next topic:
   " File List Overview "~1N~
--@@

!1N!@
File List Overview

The file list provides a convenient way to display and work with your disk drives, directories, and files. The file list displays a list of directories (called a directory tree) for a selected disk drive, and a list of files for a selected directory. Select a different disk drive to view its directory tree; select a different directory to view its files.

The menus at the top of the file list window contain commands you use when working with disks, directories, and files.

The following topics teach you the basics of using file list.

      " Disk Drives "~S116~
      " Directories "~S117~
      " File Selection "~S118~
      " File Information "~S119~

Next topic:
   " Disk Drives "~S116~
--@@

!S116!@
Disk Drives

When you start MS-DOS Shell, the file list displays the directories and files on the disk that contains the command files for MS-DOS Shell. To work with other directories and files, you need to select another drive. If there are several directories on the new drive, MS-DOS Shell displays a "Reading Disk Information" message.

Related Procedure
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~

Next topic:
   " Directories "~S117~
--@@

!S117!@
Directories

SELECTING DIRECTORIES
The current directory is the selected directory in the directory tree. You can select only one directory at a time.

EXPANDING DIRECTORIES
When you start MS-DOS Shell, the directory tree displays only the first level of directories on the current drive.

A plus sign (+) to the left of a directory name indicates that one or more subdirectories exists for that directory. If you select a directory icon that includes a plus sign, MS-DOS displays its subdirectories. This is called "expanding" the directory. When you expand a directory, the plus sign changes to a minus sign (-).

You can also use the commands on the Tree menu to control the amount of directory information displayed.

You can expand an entire branch (all subdirectories in the selected directory), a single level of the branch, or all directories in the tree.

COLLAPSING DIRECTORIES
You can "collapse" the directory to hide any currently displayed subdirectories. The minus sign (-) changes to a plus sign (+). When you start MS-DOS Shell, it displays the directories in the root directory.

Related Procedures
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~

Next topic: " File Selection "~S118~
--@@

!S118!@
File Selection

Before you can work with a file in the file list, you must select it. MS-DOS Shell indicates that a file is selected by highlighting its name in the list.

Within a directory, you can select more than one file at a time. This is called extending the selection. For example, you can select several files and copy them to another directory. You can select files that are:

  * In consecutive order
  * Scattered throughout the directory

You can always cancel a selection or all selections.

Related Procedures
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Selecting Across Directories "~I140~
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~

Next topic: " File Information "~S119~
--@@

!S119!@
File Information

You can control how MS-DOS Shell displays information about files by using the File Display Options command on the Options menu. When you start MS-DOS Shell, the file list displays all the files in the current directory except hidden and system files. The files are listed alphabetically by name from A to Z. You can do the following:

  * Change the type of file displayed; for example, you
    can display only files that end with .TXT.

  * Display hidden and system files.

  * Sort alphabetically by filename or by extension,
    by date, by size, and by the order the files are
    placed on the disk.

  * Reverse the alphabetical or numerical order that MS-DOS Shell
    uses to sort by filename and extension or by date.

Related Procedure
   " Displaying File, Directory, & Drive Information "~I120~

Next topic:
   " Program List Overview "~I099~
--@@

!I099!@
Program List Overview

The program list provides a convenient way to display and group program items so they're easy to locate and start. The list that MS-DOS Shell displays when you first use the program list is called the "Main group." The program list also comes with a group called "Disk Utilities" that contains an assortment of program items that run MS-DOS utilities.

The menus at the top of the program list window contain commands for working with program items and groups.
You can add, delete, organize, and modify groups and programs in the list by using commands on the File menu.

Related Procedures
   " Displaying the Program List "~I125~
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~

Next topic:
   " Program Groups and Program Items "~S140~
--@@

!S140!@
Program Groups and Program Items

A "group" is a name given to a collection of program items. Groups can also contain other program groups.

A "program item" contains startup instructions for a program. It's not the program file.

Groups can be distinguished from program items by either a different icon (to the left of the group name in graphics mode) or by brackets (surrounding the group name in text mode).

Next topic:
   " How to Start Programs "~S121~
--@@

!S121!@
How to Start Programs

MS-DOS Shell offers several ways to start a program:

* From the file list
  Choose a program file or a file associated with it.
  Program filenames have .COM, .EXE, and .BAT extensions.
  When you quit the program you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

* With the Run Command
  From the File menu, choose Run. Unless the program file
  is in the path, you need to know the exact directory
  location and name of the program file before you can start
  the program. When you quit the program you will return to
  MS-DOS Shell.

* From a program item in the program list
  Choose a program item from a group. This is the most
  efficient way to start programs you use frequently and is
  especially useful for starting programs from different 
  directory locations. If the program item is not already in
  the program list, you must add it. When you quit the
  program you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

* From MS-DOS Command Prompt in the Main group
  Choosing MS-DOS Command Prompt exits MS-DOS Shell and
  displays the command prompt. You type the name of the
  program file and any parameters and switches on the
  command line, and then press ENTER. When you quit the
  program you will return to the command line. You must
  then type EXIT to return to MS-DOS Shell.

If you                             Start it by using
------                             -----------------
Use the program frequently         The program list
				  
Know the path                      Run command or the file list

Do not know the path               The file list

Want to leave MS-DOS Shell         MS-DOS Command Prompt in
				   the Main group in the 
				   program list

Related Procedures
   " Running Programs "~I137~
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~

Next topic:
   " How to Use More than One Program "~S122~
--@@

!S122!@
How to Use More than One Program

You can start several programs and move from one to another. For example, you can go from your database program to your spreadsheet, and then to your text editor, without having to quit one program and start another.

When you choose the Enable Task Swapper command, each program you start is added to the Active Task List. 

You use the Active Task List to move from one program to another.

When you quit a program, it is deleted from the Active Task List.

Caution: You should not run 3270 emulator programs with Task Swapper. Using them with Task Swapper may disconnect you from your mainframe and cause data to be lost.

Related Procedures
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~

Next topic:
   " Associated Files "~S123~
--@@

!S123!@
Associated Files

If you have a set of files that you often use with a particular program, you can save time by associating files with the program. Then, when you choose the file, the program starts and automatically loads the file.

For example, you could associate all .TXT files with your text editor. Then, whenever you opened any .TXT file, MS-DOS Shell would automatically start your text editor and load the .TXT file.

You can associate up to 20 different file extensions with one program. However, you can only associate an extension with one program at a time. For example, you can't associate the extension .TXT with two different text editors at the same time.

You can also cancel the association between a file and a program.

There may be times when you need to use an already associated file with a different program. You can use the Run command to do this.

Related Procedure
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Running Programs "~R103~

Next topic:
   " How to Leave MS-DOS Shell "~S125~
--@@

!S125!@
How to Leave MS-DOS Shell

There are several ways to leave MS-DOS Shell and move to the MS-DOS command prompt. You can do the following:

  * Leave MS-DOS Shell temporarily, work on the MS-DOS
    command line while MS-DOS Shell is still running
    in memory, and return to MS-DOS Shell when you are
    finished.

  * Quit MS-DOS Shell and remove it from memory.

Related Procedures
   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~

That's it for the MS-DOS Shell Basics. Choose Using Help from the Help menu to learn more about the Help system.
--@@

!R100!@
Basic Procedures

Using the Mouse
   " Working with a Mouse "~I150~

Moving
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~

Using Menus and Commands
   " Selecting and Canceling Menus "~I142~
   " Choosing Commands "~I110~
   " Using Dialog Box Options "~I143~
   " Scrolling Lists "~I138~
   " Choosing Command Buttons "~I109~
--@@

!R101!@
File List Procedures

The following are procedures you will use when working in the file list.

Displaying File Lists
   " Displaying the Files in a Directory "~I119~
   " Displaying Two File Lists "~I121~
   " Displaying a List of All Files "~I118~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~

Working with the Directory Tree
   " Selecting Drives "~I145~
   " Displaying File, Directory, & Drive Information "~I120~
   " Selecting Directories "~I144~
   " Expanding Directories "~I127~
   " Collapsing Directories "~I112~
   " Changing the File Display Order "~I132~
   " Selecting Files "~I146~
   " Selecting Files Across Directories "~I140~
   " Selecting All Files in a Directory "~I141~
   " Searching for Files "~I139~

Working with Files and Directories
   " Creating Directories "~I115~
   " Copying Files "~I113~
   " Moving Files "~I129~
   " Deleting Files and Directories "~I117~
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~
   " Renaming Files and Directories "~I136~
   " Viewing File Contents "~I149~
   " Displaying File, Directory, & Drive Information "~I120~
   " Changing File Attributes "~I107~
   " Printing Files "~I134~
   " Associating Files with a Program "~I105~
   " Opening Files "~I131~
--@@

!R102!@
Program List Procedures

The following are procedures you will use when working in the program list.

Displaying the Program List
   " Displaying the Program List "~I162~
   " Displaying the File List and the Program List "~I125~
   " Selecting Windows "~I128~
   " Updating the Lists "~I161~

Creating and Deleting Groups
   " Opening Program Groups "~I123~
   " Adding and Changing Program Groups "~I100~
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~

Changing the Contents of a Group
   " Adding Program Items to Program Groups "~I102~
   " Copying Program Items and Program Groups "~I114~
   " Deleting Program Items and Program Groups "~I116~
   " Changing Program Item Properties "~I104~
   " Reordering Program Items in a Program Group "~I133~

Using More Than One Program
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs"~I148~
--@@

!R103!@
Running Programs

The following procedures you will use when working with programs.

   " Starting Programs "~I147~
   " Using Task Swapping and the Active Task List "~I152~
   " Switching Between Programs "~I148~
--@@

!R104!@
Other MS-DOS Shell Procedures

The following are some additional procedures you will use with MS-DOS Shell.

   " Using the Command Prompt "~I124~
   " Leaving MS-DOS Shell "~I160~
   " Changing Colors "~I106~
   " Changing the Screen Display "~I154~
   " Repainting the Screen Display "~I135~
   " Changing Confirmation Messages "~I108~
   " Quitting MS-DOS Shell "~I126~
--@@

!Q!@
Commands Help

Choose a topic to learn about the commands on that menu.

NOTE: To learn about the Help menu commands, choose the Using Help command from the Help menu.

FILE LIST MENUS
   " File Menu "~I205~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I203~
   " Tree Menu "~I204~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

PROGRAM LIST MENUS
   " File Menu "~I201~
   " Options Menu "~I202~
   " View Menu "~I209~
   " Help Menu "~I210~

VIEW SCREEN MENUS
   " Display Menu "~I207~
   " View Menu "~I208~
   " Help Menu "~I210~
--@@

!I201!@
File Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " New Command "~PMAA~
   " Open Command "~PMAB~
   " Copy Command "~PMAC~
   " Delete Command "~PMAD~
   " Properties Command "~PMAE~
   " Reorder Command "~PMAF~
   " Run Command "~PMAH~
   " Exit Command "~PMAJ~
--@@

!I202!@
Options Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Confirmation Command "~YMDD~
   " File Display Options Command "~YMDE~
   " Select Across Directories Command "~YMDF~
   " Show Information Command "~YMDG~
   " Enable Task Swapper Command "~YMDH~
   " Display Command "~YMDI~
   " Colors Command "~YMDJ~
--@@

!I203!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Single File List Command "~YMDK~
   " Dual File Lists Command "~YMDL~
   " All Files Command "~YMDM~
   " Program/File Lists Command "~YMDN~
   " Program List Command "~YMDO~
   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~
   " Refresh Command "~YMEB~
--@@

Program List's !I209!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Single File List Command "~YMDK~
   " Dual File Lists Command "~YMDL~
   " All Files Command "~YMDM~
   " Program/File Lists Command "~YMDN~
   " Program List Command "~YMDO~
   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~
   " Refresh Command "~YMEB~
--@@

--@@

!I204!@
Tree Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Expand One Level Command "~YMEC~
   " Expand Branch Command "~YMED~
   " Expand All Command "~YMEE~
   " Collapse Branch Command "~YMEF~
--@@

File List's !I205!@
File Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Open Command "~1MCA~
   " Run Command "~1MCB~
   " Print Command "~1MCC~
   " Associate Command "~1MCD~
   " Search Command "~1MCE~
   " View File Contents Command "~1MCF~
   " Move Command "~1MCH~
   " Copy Command "~1MCI~
   " Delete Command "~1MCJ~
   " Rename Command "~1MCK~
   " Change Attributes Command "~1MCL~
   " Create Directory Command "~1MCN~
   " Select All Command "~1MCP~
   " Deselect All Command "~1MDA~
   " Exit Command "~1MDC~
--@@

!I207!@
Display Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " ASCII Command "~VMEO~
   " Hex Command "~VMEP~
--@@

View Screen's
!I208!@
View Menu Commands

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Repaint Screen Command "~YMEA~
   " Restore View Command "~VMFB~
--@@

!I210!@
Help Menu

Choose a topic to learn about that command.

   " Index Command "~PMBI~
   " Keyboard Command "~PMBJ~
   " Shell Basics Command "~PMBK~
   " Commands Command "~PMBK~
   " Procedures Command "~PMBL~
   " Using Help Command "~PMBM~
   " About Shell Command "~PMBN~
--@@

!H106! !U! !PDZV! !1DZV! !2DZV! !YDZV! !SDZV! !VSZV!@
Using Help

MS-DOS Shell Help provides a quick way to get information about basic MS-DOS Shell skills, menus, commands, dialog boxes and options, and procedures. You can get quick Help for most items displayed in MS-DOS Shell by pressing the F1 key. Use the Help menu to get additional information about topics such as MS-DOS Shell procedures.

In the Help window, MS-DOS Shell displays the topics you can choose in a different color.

To choose a Help topic:

1. Press TAB until the topic is selected.
2. Press ENTER.

or

- Double-click the topic.

To learn more about Help, choose one of the following topics below:

   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~
   " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~
   " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~

Next topic:
   " Requesting Help Directly "~H100~
--@@

!H100!@
Requesting Help Directly

You can get Help on any item MS-DOS Shell displays by pressing F1.

To request Help on a menu, command, or dialog box option:

1. Select the item you want Help on.
2. Press F1.
   Help displays a window with information about
   the item you selected.

To get a description of a dialog box:

 - In the dialog box, choose the Help button.

Or

1. Select the Help button.
2. Press F1 or ENTER.

Next topic:
   " Using Help Buttons "~H102~
--@@

!H102!@
Using Help Buttons

Help displays a row of command buttons at the bottom of each Help window.

To                             Choose this button
--                             ------------------
Close the current              Close
Help window

Return to the previous topic   Back

See a list of MS-DOS Shell     Index
Help topics

See a list of MS-DOS Shell     Keys
shortcut keys

Get Help on using Help         Help


Next topic: " Using Help Menu Commands "~H103~
--@@

!H103!@
Using Help Menu Commands

The following list describes commands on the Help menu:

Index
-----
Provides a list of MS-DOS Shell topics.

Keyboard
--------
Lists keys, key combinations and shortcut keys you use with MS-DOS Shell.

Commands
--------
Explains all MS-DOS Shell commands. This information is organized according to the menus in which the commands appear. (You can get the same information by selecting a command and pressing F1).

Procedures
----------
Provides step-by-step instructions for performing tasks in MS-DOS Shell.

Shell Basics
------------
Provides an introduction to using MS-DOS Shell.

Using Help
----------
Provides an introduction to MS-DOS Shell Help. This is the information you are using right now.

About Shell
-----------
Displays copyright and version information about MS-DOS Shell.

Next topic: " How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell "~H104~
--@@

!H104!@
How to Learn About MS-DOS Shell

Following are several ways to learn more about MS-DOS Shell:

If you want                        Use
-----------                        ---
Instant Help                       The F1 key

An introduction to MS-DOS Shell    The Shell Basics command
				   on the Help menu.

Step-by-step instructions          The Procedures command
				   on the Help menu.
--@@

More information -- x-refs from program item and group F1 Help

!S129!@
More on Command Prompt

You can start a program by typing the exact program filename and then pressing ENTER. If the file is not in the current directory, you must precede the filename with its complete path. You can use the MS-DOS directory wildcards (.. and .) to specify paths.

Type any parameters for the program after the program name. For example, to automatically open a file when you start your text editor, type the name of your text editor's program file followed by the name of your text file.

For more information on MS-DOS commands and wildcards, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S130!@
More on Editor

When you quit Editor, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[[drive:] [path]filename] [/B] [/G] [/H] [/NOHI]
/B     Allows the use of a monochrome monitor with a color
       graphics card.
/G     Provides the fatest update of a CGA monitor.
/H     Displays the maximum number of lines possible for
       your monitor.
/NOHI  Allows the use of a monitor witout high-intensity
       support.

For more information about using
 Editor, see the "Microsoft Editor User's Guide."???
--@@

!S131!@
More on Microsoft QBASIC

When you quit Microsoft QBASIC, you will return to MS-DOS Shell.

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[/B] [/G] [/H] [/MBF] [/NOHI] [[/RUN] sourcefile]

/B       Allows use of a monochrome screen with a color
	 graphics card.
/G       Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
/H       Displays the maximum number of lines possible for
	 your screen.
/MBF     Converts the built-in functions MK$$, MKD$, CVS and
	 CVD to MKSMBF$, MKDMBF$, CVSMBF, and CDVMBF,
	 respectively.
/NOHI    Allows the use of a screen without high-intensity
	 support.
/RUN     Runs a program file in QBASIC before displaying it.
sourcefile Specifies the program file to load or run.


For more information about using MS-DOS Quick BASIC, see "Learning to Use Microsoft QuickBASIC."???
--@@

!S132!@
More on Disk Copy

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive 1: [drive2:] [/l] [/V]

drive1:  Specifies the source drive.
drive2:  Specifies the destination drive.
/l       Copies only the first side of the disk.
/V       Verifies that the copy is correct.

The two disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive 1 and drive 2.

Related Procedure
   " Copying Files "~I113~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S133!@
More on Backup Fixed Disk

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F:[size]] [/D:date [/T:time]] [/L:[[drive:][path]logfile]]

source     Specifies the files, drive, or directory to back
	   up.
destination-drive:  Specifies the drive to save
	   backup copies onto.
/S         Backs up contents of subdirectories.
/M         Backs up only files that have changed since the
	   last backup.
/A         Adds back-up files to an existing backup
	   disk.
/F:[size]  Specifies the size, in kilobytes, of the disk to
	   be formatted.
/D:date    Backs up only the files changed since the
	   specified date.
/T:time    Backs up only the files changed since the 
	   specified time.
/L:[[drive:][path]logfile]]  Creates a log entry to record
			     backup operation.
Related Procedure
   " Backing Up Files "~I165~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S134!@
More on Restore Fixed Disk

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive: path [/S] [/P]
   [/B:date] [/A:date] [/E:time] [/L:time] [/M] [/N] [/D]

drive:  Specifies the drive where the backup files are
	stored.
path    Specifies the file(s) to restore.
/S  Restores files in all directories in the path.
/P  Prompts before restoring read-only files or files
    changed since the last backup.
/B  Restores only files that changed on or before the
    specified date.
/A  Restores only files that changed on or after the 
    specified date.
/E  Restores only files last changed earlier than the
    specified time.
/L  Restores only files last changed later than the
    specified time.
/M  Restores only files changed since the last backup.
/N  Restores only files that no longer exist on the
    destination disk.
/D  Displays backup files that match specifications.

Related Procedure
   " Restoring Up Files "~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S135!@
More on Format Disk

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive: [/Q] [/V:label] [/S] [/B]
drive: [/F:size] [/U] [/V:label] [/S] [/B]
drive: [/1] [4] [/U] [/V:label] [/S] [/B]
drive: [/8] [/U] [/S] [/B]
drive: [/N:sectors /T:tracks] [/U] [/V:label] [/S] [/B]

/Q          Performs a quick format.
/V:label    Specifies the volume label.
/S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.
/B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for system
	    files.
/F:size     Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format,
	    in kilobytes (such as 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44).
/U          Performs an unconditional format.
/N:sectors  Specifies the number of sectors per track.
/T:tracks   Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
/1          Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
/4          Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a
	    high-density drive.
/8          Formats eight sectors per track.

Related Procedure
  " Formatting Floppy Disks "~I164~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S136!@
More on Quick Format

If the disk has already been formatted and needs to be formatted again, Quick Format is much faster than Format.

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

drive: [/V:label] [/S] [/B]

/V:label    Labels the disk as specified.
/S          Copies system files to the formatted disk.
/B          Allocates space on the formatted disk for system
	    files.

Related Procedure
   " Formatting Floppy Disks "~I164~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.
--@@

!S137!@
More on Undelete

Once you delete a file, you might not be able to recover it. You can recover a files with certainty only if no other files have been created or changed on the disk.

In the process of quitting programs and MS-DOS Shell temporary files are created and stored in a TEMP directory. These temporary files may overwrite deleted files that you want to restore -- especially if there isn't much space on the disk.

There are several ways to restore files that you deleted.
The following chart is to help you figure out the safest way to cover you files depending upon the amount of disk space you have and the importance of the files.

If the files are        Do this
----------------        -------
CRITICAL or,            Reboot and type the undelete command the disk is full        at the command prompt.

(Semi-critical????)     Exit MS-DOS Shell immediately and
and you have lots of    use the undelete command at the
room on the disk        command prompt.

NON-CRITICAL and,       Use the Undelete program item.
you have lots of
room on the disk.

You can specify the following parameters and switches:

[drive:] [path] [filename] [/DT] [/DOS] [/LIST] [/ALL]

/DT    Uses only the delete-tracking file.
/DOS   Uses only the MS-DOS directory.
/LIST  Lists the files available for undeletion.
/ALL   Automatically undeletes all specified files.

Related Procedure
   " Restoring Deleted Files "~I155~

For more information about the parameters and switches, see the MS-DOS User's Guide and Reference.

UNDELETE, Copyright 1987-1990, Central Point Software, Inc.
--@@

!KES!@
Beta Notes

Help version information:

Date: 11/21/90
Time: ~3:45 pm

Significant changes:

11/21  * Fixed bugs #4245 and 4247. Added File List Messages topic and x-ref'd db panels to it. Fixed bugs Gail found in
the UG tech review. Gave new procedures ID numbers. Handoff procedures to testing. Includes Sean's edits on Gail's bug and File List Messages.
11/20  * Merged 2nd revisions of procedures into the file.
	 handed file off to Sean for some global changes. Some fixes to 
11/19  * Finished re-writing Help for program items and
	 groups that ship with the Shell and handed them
	 off to Sean for 2nd edit. Fixed F1 content bugs
	 reported by Stuart. Finished fixing all bugs except
	 dosbugs reported against F1 Help. Sean edited the
	 H,I,K help and the ini help and handed it off to
	 the DAs.
11/18  * Shortened .ini topics. Added info on Quick
	 Format and undelete.
11/16  * Handed off H,I,K to Sean for 2nd edit. Checked
	 indices against topic titles. Sean handed off
	 procedures to DAs for 2nd revisions.
11/15  * Fixed bug #4121. Finished first revisions to Using
	 Help, Index and Keys topics. Stuart & Petra 
	 finished testing F1 Help. Sean finished the 2nd
	 edit pass of the procedures.
11/14  * Finished 1st revisions to the procedures. Drafted
	 "Restoring Deleted Files" and "Video Mode options"
	 topics. Fixed dosbug 4084 again. Revised one Shell
	 Basic topic. Handed off Shell Basics to Petra and
	 Stuart for testing.
11/12  * Handed off Shell Basics to DA's. Fixed dosbug 3189,
	 & 4084.
11/8   * F1 2nd revisions finished. Will hand-off to testers
	 today.
11/6   * Consolidated duplicate topics, fixed bug #4027,
	 and revisions to F1 topics for Sean.
11/5   * Finished the first revisions to the Procedures.
11/3   * 1/3 of the first revisions to the Procedures.
--@@
